Neuman Nicklas, Lövestam Elin, Karlén Jacob, Sandvik Pernilla
Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Qual Health Res. 2025 Jun;35(7):726-739. doi: 10.1177/10497323241278551. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Taste and smell are of direct importance in most social interactions. Radical disruptions in these senses can, therefore, substantially disrupt sociality. This paper focuses on the experiences of a particular type of disruption: persistent chemosensory dysfunctions after COVID-19. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 patients undergoing treatment for chemosensory dysfunctions and analyzed the ways in which their experiences have influenced social relations and activities, particularly regarding food and eating. The findings reveal that these dysfunctions have made the participants markedly aware that food and eating are pivotal to full participation in social life. As is smell, both surrounding smells and the perception of one's own smell, with dysfunctions leading to several social consequences. Such problems are handled through both avoidance behavior and adaptations. While adaptations facilitate interactions, they come at the cost of feeling a burden to others or not fully appreciating an event (e.g., a shared meal). Social support is of great importance, ranging from minor practical assistance, such as a friend checking if the milk is sour, to the profound emotional relief felt from empathic treatment and recognition that the problems are real. Here, healthcare professionals can play a vital role, even in the (perceived) absence of clinical effectiveness of the treatment. The experiences expressed are partially in line with other manifestations of Long COVID and with chemosensory dysfunctions due to other illnesses, but only partially, since this is a patient group with needs and experiences that are unique, in that sociality is so strongly affected solely by disruptions in sensory abilities.
味觉和嗅觉在大多数社交互动中具有直接重要性。因此,这些感官的根本性破坏会严重扰乱社交性。本文聚焦于一种特定类型的破坏的经历:新冠病毒感染后的持续性化学感应功能障碍。我们对30名正在接受化学感应功能障碍治疗的患者进行了半结构化访谈,并分析了他们的经历影响社会关系和活动的方式,特别是在食物和饮食方面。研究结果表明,这些功能障碍让参与者明显意识到食物和饮食对于充分参与社会生活至关重要。嗅觉也是如此,包括周围的气味和对自身气味的感知,功能障碍会导致一些社会后果。此类问题通过回避行为和适应来处理。虽然适应有助于互动,但代价是感觉给他人造成负担或无法充分享受某个事件(如共享一顿饭)。社会支持非常重要,范围从轻微的实际帮助,比如朋友检查牛奶是否变质,到因共情治疗和认识到问题真实存在而感受到的深刻情感慰藉。在此,医疗保健专业人员可以发挥至关重要的作用,即使在(患者认为)治疗缺乏临床效果的情况下。所表达的经历部分与长新冠的其他表现以及因其他疾病导致的化学感应功能障碍相符,但只是部分相符,因为这是一个有着独特需求和经历的患者群体,其社交性仅因感官能力的破坏而受到如此强烈的影响。