Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain.
GrAPP-caIB - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 2;12:1390582. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390582. eCollection 2024.
Hotel housekeepers constitute an important occupational group in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Housekeeping is considered low-skilled and precarious and typically involves high physical demands and time pressure. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the socioeconomic determinants of health and hotel housekeepers' self-rated health.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Primary Health Care in the Balearic Islands (November 2018-February 2019). Hotel housekeepers over 18 years of age with free access to the Balearic Public Health System who had been employed during 2018 were eligible.
We enrolled 1,043 hotel housekeepers; the mean score of health perceived status was 72.4/100 (SD 19.0). Those with a lower self-perceived health were statistically significant older, had Spanish nationality, lower level of studies, permanent or recurring seasonal contract, financial difficulties, a higher level of occupational stress, an external locus of control, reported work-life balance difficulties, were former smokers, insufficiently physical active and obese. We found lower scores in self-perceived health status score of -7.159 (CI95% -10.20- -4.12) among hotel housekeepers with osteoarthritis; -6.858 (CI95% -11.89- -1.82) among those with chronic depression; -3.697 (CI95% -6.08- -1.31) among those who reported difficulties in work-life balance; -2.414 (CI95% -4.69- -0.13) among participants who performed insufficient physical activity; -2.107 (CI% -4.44- -0.23) among those who reported financial strain. Lower self-rated health was also associated to a higher perceived stress, -1.440 (CI95% -2.09- -0.79); BMI (kg/m), -0.299 (CI95% -0.53- -0.07); and longer time working as HH -0.177 (CI95% -0.33- -0.03).
Our results underscore the importance of psychosocial (such as difficulties in work-life balance and occupational stress) and material factors (such as financial difficulties) when explaining differences in self-perceived health. Public health interventions aimed at improving health status must consider inequalities in material and working conditions.
酒店客房服务员是巴利阿里群岛（西班牙）的一个重要职业群体。客房服务工作被认为技术含量低且不稳定，通常需要较高的体力要求和时间压力。本研究旨在分析健康的社会经济决定因素与酒店客房服务员自评健康之间的关系。
这是一项在巴利阿里群岛初级保健中心进行的横断面研究（2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 2 月）。年龄在 18 岁以上、可自由使用巴利阿里公共卫生系统且在 2018 年期间有过工作经历的酒店客房服务员有资格参加。
我们共招募了 1043 名酒店客房服务员；健康感知状况的平均评分为 72.4/100（SD 19.0）。那些自我感知健康状况较差的人在统计学上表现为年龄较大、具有西班牙国籍、较低的学历、永久性或周期性季节性合同、经济困难、职业压力较大、外部控制源、报告工作与生活平衡困难、曾经吸烟、身体活动不足和肥胖。我们发现，患有骨关节炎的酒店客房服务员自评健康状况评分较低（-7.159，CI95% -10.20- -4.12）；患有慢性抑郁症的酒店客房服务员评分较低（-6.858，CI95% -11.89- -1.82）；报告工作与生活平衡困难的酒店客房服务员评分较低（-3.697，CI95% -6.08- -1.31）；身体活动不足的酒店客房服务员评分较低（-2.414，CI95% -4.69- -0.13）；报告经济压力的酒店客房服务员评分较低（-2.107，CI% -4.44- -0.23）。较低的自我评估健康状况也与更高的感知压力相关，-1.440（CI95% -2.09- -0.79）；BMI（kg/m），-0.299（CI95% -0.53- -0.07）；以及作为 HH 的工作时间更长，-0.177（CI95% -0.33- -0.03）。
我们的研究结果强调了心理社会因素（如工作与生活平衡困难和职业压力）和物质因素（如经济困难）在解释自我感知健康差异方面的重要性。旨在改善健康状况的公共卫生干预措施必须考虑物质和工作条件方面的不平等。
