Roland Elizabeth, Stover Susan M, Hull Maury L, Dorsch Katie
Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2003 Aug;64(8):1030-9. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1030.
To define a 3-dimensional (3-D) coordinate system with clear definitions of origins and axes relative to hoof anatomic features and determine whether solar surfaces of Thoroughbred racehorse hooves have geometric asymmetry in the mediolateral and dorsopalmar directions.
Left forelimb hooves from 20 Thoroughbred racehorse cadavers.
A right-handed 3-D coordinate axes system centered on the collateral sulci was defined for the left front hoof. Orthogonal distances of anatomic features from the dorsopalmar axis and the plane coincident with the ground were measured and compared between medial and lateral sides and between dorsal and palmar regions of the hoof.
The hoof was wider and had a greater radius laterally than medially. The most distal part of the lateral bar of the frog was further from the dorsopalmar axis than that of the medial bar. Overall, mediolateral asymmetries in depth were not observed. The sole at the perimeter was deeper medially in the dorsal part of the hoof and laterally in the palmar part, with depth overall being greater palmarly than dorsally. Most features had dorsopalmar asymmetry.
When the angle bisected by the collateral sulci is used to determine the dorsopalmar axis of the hoof, most central structures (bars and collateral sulci) have mediolateral symmetry. However, the hoof wall and sole have some mediolateral asymmetries and most structures have dorsopalmar asymmetry. These findings may assist the development of devices for attachment to hooves and studies of the interaction of hooves with bearing surfaces.
定义一个三维（3 - D）坐标系，明确其原点和轴相对于蹄部解剖特征的定义，并确定纯种赛马蹄的跖面在内外侧和背掌侧方向上是否存在几何不对称性。
20匹纯种赛马尸体的左前肢蹄。
为左前蹄定义一个以侧副沟为中心的右手三维坐标轴系统。测量蹄部解剖特征到背掌轴和与地面重合平面的正交距离，并在蹄的内侧和外侧之间以及背侧和掌侧区域之间进行比较。
蹄部外侧比内侧更宽且半径更大。蛙蹄外侧支的最远端比内侧支离背掌轴更远。总体而言，未观察到内外侧深度不对称。蹄周缘的蹄底在蹄背侧内侧更深，在蹄掌侧外侧更深，总体深度掌侧比背侧更大。大多数特征存在背掌侧不对称。
当用侧副沟平分的角度来确定蹄的背掌轴时，大多数中心结构（蹄支和侧副沟）具有内外侧对称性。然而，蹄壁和蹄底存在一些内外侧不对称，且大多数结构存在背掌侧不对称。这些发现可能有助于蹄部附着装置以及蹄与支撑面相互作用研究的发展。
