Haverkort Frank
Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Western Australian Centre for Pathology and Medical Research (PathCentre), Locked Bag 2009, Nedlands WA 6909.
Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2003;27(2):180-9. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2003.27.42.
Infections with atypical mycobacteria in Australia during 2000 occurred at a rate of 1.8 cases per 100,000 population. The main sites of disease were the respiratory tract, soft tissue, and the lymphatics. The Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common group of mycobacteria isolated from respiratory, lymphatic sites, and blood. The rapidly growing mycobacteria, predominantly the M. fortuitum-M. abscessus-M. chelonae group were the most common soft tissue infections. Atypical mycobacteria were isolated from significant numbers of sputum 'smear positive' patients, requiring further tests to exclude M. tuberculosis. Geographical differences were observed for some Mycobacterium species, notably the isolation of M. haemophilum from Western Australia, and M. ulcerans from Victoria and Queensland. Newer molecular techniques, while improving precision and accuracy of identification, raise additional questions about the ecology of the atypical mycobacteria and their role in disease.
2000年澳大利亚非结核分枝杆菌感染率为每10万人中有1.8例。主要发病部位为呼吸道、软组织和淋巴管。鸟分枝杆菌复合群是从呼吸道、淋巴部位和血液中分离出的最常见的分枝杆菌群。快速生长的分枝杆菌，主要是偶然分枝杆菌-脓肿分枝杆菌-龟分枝杆菌群，是最常见的软组织感染菌。从大量痰涂片阳性患者中分离出非结核分枝杆菌，需要进一步检测以排除结核分枝杆菌。在某些分枝杆菌种类中观察到地理差异，特别是在西澳大利亚分离出血清嗜性分枝杆菌，在维多利亚州和昆士兰州分离出溃疡分枝杆菌。更新的分子技术虽然提高了鉴定的精确性和准确性，但也引发了关于非结核分枝杆菌生态学及其在疾病中作用的更多问题。
