Pérez-Prieto Luis J, López-Roca Jose M, Martínez-Cutillas Adrián, Pardo-Mínguez Francisco, Gómez-Plaza Encarna
Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Aug 27;51(18):5444-9. doi: 10.1021/jf0345292.
The extraction rate of furfuryl aldehydes, guaiacol, and 4-methylguaiacol, cis- and trans-oak lactone, and vanillin and the formation rate of furfuryl alcohol and the volatile phenols 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol have been studied in wines matured in different capacity oak barrels (220, 500, and 1000 L). Also, the behavior of these compounds during 1 year of wine bottle storage was followed. The lactones were extracted at a linear rate with large differences that depended on barrel volume. Those compounds related to oak toasting (guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, furfuryl aldehydes, and vanillin) seemed to be extracted faster during the first days of oak maturation except for vanillin, which required at least 3 months to accumulate in the wine. The volatile phenols, 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol, were formed in large quantities after the first 90 days of oak maturation, coinciding with the end of spring and beginning of summer. Wines matured in 1000-L oak barrels resulted in the lowest levels of volatile compound accumulation. During bottle storage, some compounds decreased in their concentration (5-methylfurfural, vanillin), others experienced increases in their levels (lactones, furfural, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol), and the concentration of other compounds hardly changed (guaiacol, furfuryl alcohol).
在不同容量（220升、500升和1000升）的橡木桶中陈酿的葡萄酒中，研究了糠醛、愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚、顺式和反式橡木内酯、香草醛的提取率，以及糠醇和挥发性酚类4-乙基愈创木酚和4-乙基苯酚的形成率。此外，还跟踪了这些化合物在葡萄酒瓶储存1年期间的变化情况。内酯的提取率呈线性，差异很大，这取决于桶的体积。与橡木烘烤相关的化合物（愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚、糠醛和香草醛）在橡木陈酿的最初几天似乎提取得更快，但香草醛除外，它至少需要3个月才能在葡萄酒中积累。挥发性酚类4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚在橡木陈酿的前90天后大量形成，这与春末夏初的时间相吻合。在1000升橡木桶中陈酿的葡萄酒中，挥发性化合物的积累水平最低。在瓶储期间，一些化合物的浓度下降（5-甲基糠醛、香草醛），另一些化合物的水平上升（内酯、糠醛、4-乙基愈创木酚、4-乙基苯酚），而其他化合物的浓度几乎没有变化（愈创木酚、糠醇）。
