Sitorus R, Preising M, Lorenz B
Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismology and Ophthalmogenetics, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;87(9):1065-8. doi: 10.1136/bjo.87.9.1065.
To determine the anatomical site and patterns of cause of blindness in one of the biggest schools for the blind in Indonesia with a view to determining potentially preventable and treatable causes.
165 students in one school for the blind in Bandung, Indonesia, were examined clinically and data reported using the WHO/PBL childhood blindness assessment form.
Most of the students (96.4%) were blind (BL); 3% were severely visually impaired (SVI). The major causes of SVI/BL in this study were: (1) corneal staphyloma, corneal scar, and phthisis bulbi (mainly attributed to infection) in 29.7%; (2) retinal dystrophies (mainly Leber congenital amaurosis, early onset retinitis pigmentosa) in 20.6%; (3) congenital and familial cataract (13.3%); (4) microphthalmus, anophthalmus (10.9%). The whole globe was the major anatomical site of visual loss (32.7%), followed by the retina (26.0%), cornea (17.6%), lens (13.3%), optic nerve (6.1%), and uvea (4.3%).
This is a small study in a selected population and the results should be interpreted with caution. This blind school study, adopting the WHO/PBL eye form for data analysing, is the first reported for Indonesia. Hereditary disease and infective causes of blindness are the predominant causes of blindness, accounting for 42.4% and 29.7%, respectively. This pattern of causes is a mixed pattern which lies in an intermediate position between the patterns seen in developing countries and those seen in developed countries. The importance both of preventive public health strategies and of specialist paediatric ophthalmic and optical services in the management of childhood blindness in Indonesia are therefore strongly suggested to cover the problems that exist.
确定印度尼西亚最大的盲人学校之一失明的解剖部位和病因模式，以确定潜在可预防和可治疗的病因。
对印度尼西亚万隆一所盲人学校的165名学生进行临床检查，并使用世界卫生组织/儿童盲症问题小组的儿童盲症评估表报告数据。
大多数学生（96.4%）失明；3%为严重视力障碍。本研究中严重视力障碍/失明的主要病因如下：（1）角膜葡萄肿、角膜瘢痕和眼球痨（主要归因于感染），占29.7%；（2）视网膜营养不良（主要是莱伯先天性黑蒙、早发性视网膜色素变性），占20.6%；（3）先天性和家族性白内障，占13.3%；（4）小眼症、无眼症，占10.9%。整个眼球是视力丧失的主要解剖部位（32.7%），其次是视网膜（26.0%）、角膜（17.6%）、晶状体（13.3%）、视神经（6.1%）和葡萄膜（4.3%）。
这是一项针对特定人群的小型研究，结果应谨慎解读。这项采用世界卫生组织/儿童盲症问题小组眼表进行数据分析的盲人学校研究，是印度尼西亚首次报道的此类研究。遗传性疾病和感染性失明病因是失明的主要原因，分别占42.4%和29.7%。这种病因模式是一种混合模式，介于发展中国家和发达国家所见模式之间。因此，强烈建议在印度尼西亚开展预防性公共卫生策略以及专业儿科眼科和验光服务，以解决存在的问题。
