儿童失明

Childhood blindness.

作者信息

Steinkuller P G, Du L, Gilbert C, Foster A, Collins M L, Coats D K

机构信息

Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

出版信息

J AAPOS. 1999 Feb;3(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/s1091-8531(99)70091-1.

DOI:10.1016/s1091-8531(99)70091-1

PMID:10071898

Abstract

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to summarize available data regarding pediatric blinding diseases worldwide and to present the most up-to-date information on childhood blindness in the United States.

METHODS

We obtained data from a complete search of the world literature and from direct contact with each of the schools for the blind in the United States.

RESULTS

Five percent of worldwide blindness involves children younger than 15 years of age; in developing countries 50% of the population is in this age group. By World Health Organization criteria, there are 1.5 million children worldwide who are blind: 1.0 million in Asia, 0.3 million in Africa, 0.1 million in Latin America, and 0.1 million in the rest of the world. There are marked differences in the causes of pediatric blindness in different regions, apparently based on socioeconomic factors. In developing countries, 30% to 72% of such blindness is avoidable, 9% to 58% is preventable, and 14% to 31% is treatable. The leading cause is corneal opacification caused by a combination of measles, xerophthalmia, and the use of traditional eye medicine. There is no national registry of the blind in the United States, and most of the schools for the blind do not keep data regarding the cause of blindness in their students. From those schools that do have this information, the top 3 causes are cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, and optic nerve hypoplasia. There has been a significant increase in both cortical vision loss and retinopathy of prematurity in the past 10 years.

CONCLUSIONS

There are marked regional differences in the prevalence and causes of pediatric blindness, apparently based on socioeconomic factors that limit prevention and treatment schemes. In the United States the 3 leading causes of pediatric blindness are cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, and optic nerve hypoplasia. There is a need for more complete and more uniform data based on the established World Health Organization reporting format.

摘要

目的

本研究的目的是总结全球范围内有关儿童致盲性疾病的现有数据，并提供美国儿童失明的最新信息。

方法

我们通过全面检索世界文献以及直接联系美国的每一所盲人学校来获取数据。

结果

全球5%的失明患者为15岁以下儿童；在发展中国家，50%的人口属于这个年龄组。根据世界卫生组织的标准，全球有150万儿童失明：亚洲100万，非洲30万，拉丁美洲10万，世界其他地区10万。不同地区儿童失明的原因存在显著差异，这显然是基于社会经济因素。在发展中国家，30%至72%的此类失明是可避免的，9%至58%是可预防的，14%至31%是可治疗的。主要原因是麻疹、干眼症和使用传统眼药共同导致的角膜混浊。美国没有全国性的盲人登记册，大多数盲人学校也不保留学生失明原因的数据。从那些掌握此信息的学校来看，前三大原因是皮质视觉障碍、早产儿视网膜病变和视神经发育不全。在过去10年中，皮质视力丧失和早产儿视网膜病变都显著增加。