McFarland D M
William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Int Nurs Rev. 2003 Sep;50(3):167-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1466-7657.2003.00195.x.
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Botswana. Little is known about women's use of Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical smear tests.
The study is to explore knowledge and beliefs of 30 women about cervical cancer and Pap smear tests using the Health Belief Model.
Women were recruited from all income levels using network sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis included descriptive statistics for demographic data and content analysis for interview data.
Knowledge of cervical cancer and the Pap smear test was inadequate among women with low incomes. Pap smear utilization was also limited among low-income women. Of the 18 women who had at least one Pap smear test in their lifetime, eight (44%) had opportunistic testing as a result of having gynaecological symptoms. Twelve women (40%) had never had Pap smear tests. Major barriers to Pap smear screening included inadequate knowledge about Pap smear testing, providers' negative attitudes, and limited access to doctors.
The study has implications for health education and health policy and for nurses' involvement in both.
宫颈癌是博茨瓦纳最常见的癌症。关于女性对巴氏宫颈涂片检查的使用情况知之甚少。
本研究旨在运用健康信念模型探讨30名女性对宫颈癌和巴氏涂片检查的认知与信念。
采用网络抽样从各个收入水平招募女性。通过人口统计学问卷和半结构化访谈指南收集数据。数据分析包括人口统计数据的描述性统计和访谈数据的内容分析。
低收入女性对宫颈癌和巴氏涂片检查的了解不足。低收入女性巴氏涂片检查的利用率也有限。在一生中至少进行过一次巴氏涂片检查的18名女性中，有8名（44%）因出现妇科症状而进行了机会性检查。12名女性（40%）从未进行过巴氏涂片检查。巴氏涂片筛查的主要障碍包括对巴氏涂片检查的了解不足、医疗服务提供者的消极态度以及看医生的机会有限。
该研究对健康教育和卫生政策以及护士在这两方面的参与具有启示意义。
