博茨瓦纳的宫颈癌认知和筛查。
Cervical cancer awareness and screening in Botswana.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
出版信息
Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2012 May;22(4):638-44. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e318249470a.
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of death in many developing countries because limited screening by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. We sought to better understand women's beliefs about cervical cancer and screening in Botswana, a middle-income African country with high rates of cervical cancer.
METHODS
We interviewed 289 women attending general medicine or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics, where Pap testing was available, in Gaborone, Botswana, in January 2009.
RESULTS
About three fourths (72%) of the respondents reported having ever had a Pap smear; HIV-positive women were more likely to have had a Pap smear than HIV-negative women (80% vs 64%; odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.55). Screening was also more common among women who were older, had higher incomes, or had heard of cervical cancer. Almost all participants reported a desire to have a Pap smear. Reasons included to determine cervical health (56%), to improve overall health (33%), and to obtain early treatment (34%). About half (54%) of the respondents said they did not know what causes cervical cancer, and almost none attributed the disease to human papillomavirus infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Study findings can inform interventions that seek to increase cervical cancer awareness and uptake of screening as it becomes more widely available.
目的
由于巴氏涂片（Pap）检查的局限性，宫颈癌仍然是许多发展中国家的主要死亡原因。我们试图更好地了解博茨瓦纳妇女对宫颈癌和筛查的看法，博茨瓦纳是一个中等收入的非洲国家，宫颈癌发病率很高。
方法
我们于 2009 年 1 月在博茨瓦纳的哈博罗内采访了 289 名在普通医学或人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）诊所就诊的妇女，这些诊所提供巴氏涂片检查。
结果
约四分之三（72%）的受访者报告曾进行过巴氏涂片检查；HIV 阳性妇女比 HIV 阴性妇女更有可能进行巴氏涂片检查（80%比 64%；优势比，1.97；95%置信区间，1.10-3.55）。筛查在年龄较大、收入较高或听说过宫颈癌的妇女中也更为常见。几乎所有参与者都表示希望进行巴氏涂片检查。原因包括确定宫颈健康状况（56%）、改善整体健康状况（33%）和获得早期治疗（34%）。约一半（54%）的受访者表示不知道宫颈癌的病因，几乎没有人将该病归因于人乳头瘤病毒感染。
结论
研究结果可以为旨在提高宫颈癌意识和接受筛查的干预措施提供信息，因为筛查将变得更加广泛。
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