Frenn Marilyn, Malin Shelly
Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 2003 Sep-Oct;20(5):361-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1446.2003.20504.x.
It is important to understand constructs essential to low-fat-diet and physical-activity behaviors of low-income culturally diverse middle-school-age students, because ethnicity and socioeconomic status influence body weight status, and these groups are most at risk for obesity later in life. In this descriptive study, constructs important in low-fat diet and physical activity in low- to middle-income, culturally diverse middle school students were examined. Revised for cultural/developmental appropriateness and reading level, instruments incorporating constructs from the Health Promotion and Transtheoretical Models were tested with 221 youth. Results demonstrated that percentage of fat in diet, total number of strategies used for a low-fat diet, access to low-fat food, and total number of exercise processes varied significantly (p < 0.05) across stages of change for low-fat diet. We concluded that interventions should foster access to low-fat foods and processes for diet and activity change. Despite significantly lower income and higher grade level (both of which are risks for poor health behaviors), students in the private school demonstrated significantly lower fat in diet, higher perception of benefits, and better access to low-fat food. These findings warrant additional study.
了解低收入、文化多元的初中年龄段学生的低脂饮食和体育活动行为的关键要素很重要，因为种族和社会经济地位会影响体重状况，而且这些群体在以后的生活中患肥胖症的风险最高。在这项描述性研究中，对低收入到中等收入、文化多元的中学生在低脂饮食和体育活动方面重要的关键要素进行了研究。针对文化/发展适宜性和阅读水平进行修订后，对221名青少年使用了包含健康促进和跨理论模型关键要素的工具进行测试。结果表明，在低脂饮食的不同变化阶段，饮食中的脂肪百分比、用于低脂饮食的策略总数、获得低脂食物的机会以及锻炼过程总数存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。我们得出结论，干预措施应促进获得低脂食物以及饮食和活动改变的过程。尽管私立学校的学生收入显著较低且年级较高（这两者都是不良健康行为的风险因素），但他们饮食中的脂肪含量显著较低，对益处的认知较高，且获得低脂食物的机会更好。这些发现值得进一步研究。
