Abrams Richard A, Christ Shawn E
Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2003 Sep;14(5):427-32. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.01458.
Although visual motion may seem salient, motion per se does not automatically attract attention. We show here, however, that the onset of motion does indeed attract attention. In three experiments, subjects identified target letters in displays that contained targets and distractors. There was no advantage for moving letters among static ones, but there was an advantage for objects that had recently started to move despite the fact that the motion was uninformative. If some additional time was allowed to elapse after motion onset, inhibition of return slowed responding to the item that had started to move-a further sign that the motion onset had captured attention. Finally, detection of target letters was found to be independent of the number of distractors in the display if the target had undergone motion onset, also indicative of attentional capture. We discuss the adaptive significance of sensitivity to onsets in the presence of a relative insensitivity to ongoing motion.
尽管视觉运动可能看起来很突出，但运动本身并不会自动吸引注意力。然而，我们在此表明，运动的起始确实会吸引注意力。在三个实验中，受试者在包含目标和干扰物的显示屏中识别目标字母。在静止字母中移动的字母没有优势，但对于最近开始移动的物体有优势，尽管该运动并无信息价值。如果在运动起始后允许经过一些额外时间，返回抑制会减缓对开始移动的项目的反应——这进一步表明运动起始吸引了注意力。最后，发现如果目标经历了运动起始，目标字母的检测与显示屏中干扰物的数量无关，这也表明了注意力的捕获。我们讨论了在对持续运动相对不敏感的情况下，对起始敏感的适应性意义。
