Nolte Debora, Schmidt Vincent, Grasso-Cladera Aitana, König Peter
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49090, Germany
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49090, Germany.
eNeuro. 2025 Sep 3;12(9). doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0573-24.2025. Print 2025 Sep.
Current research strives to investigate cognitive processes under natural conditions. Virtual reality and EEG are promising techniques combining naturalistic settings with close experimental control. However, many questions and technical challenges remain, e.g., are saccade onsets a suitable replacement of fixation onsets as key events in continuous gaze trajectories ( Amme et al., 2024), and consequently, can VR capture differences across different stimulus categories associated with varying saccade durations? To address both questions, we investigate the N170 face effect in humans (14 males, 19 females, zero diverse) using a free-viewing and free-movement immersive VR study that contained houses, various background stimuli, and, notably, static and moving pedestrians to study face perception under naturalistic conditions. Our results show that aligning trials to saccade onsets leads to more well-defined ERPs than fixation onsets, especially for the P100 component, demonstrating that saccade-onset ERPs are a better-suited analysis method for this type of experiment. Furthermore, we observe an evolution of category-based differences, i.e., face versus background saccade-onset ERPs, compatible with previous reports but extending in a large temporal window and including all electrode sites at different points in time. In summary, employing VR, EEG, and eye-tracking to investigate differences across fixation categories provides insights into the relevance of saccadic onsets as event triggers and enhances our understanding of cognitive processes in naturalistic settings.
当前的研究致力于探究自然条件下的认知过程。虚拟现实和脑电图是很有前景的技术,它们将自然主义的环境与严密的实验控制相结合。然而,仍存在许多问题和技术挑战,例如,扫视起始能否作为连续注视轨迹中的关键事件,合适地替代注视起始(阿梅等人,2024年),因此,虚拟现实能否捕捉与不同扫视持续时间相关的不同刺激类别的差异?为了解决这两个问题,我们使用一项自由观看和自由移动的沉浸式虚拟现实研究,对人类(14名男性、19名女性,无多样化群体)的N170面部效应进行了研究,该研究包含房屋、各种背景刺激,尤其是静态和动态行人,以在自然主义条件下研究面部感知。我们的结果表明,将试验与扫视起始对齐会比与注视起始对齐产生更明确的事件相关电位,尤其是对于P100成分,这表明扫视起始事件相关电位是这类实验更合适的分析方法。此外,我们观察到基于类别的差异的演变,即面部与背景的扫视起始事件相关电位,与之前的报告一致,但在更大的时间窗口内扩展,并且在不同时间点包括所有电极位点。总之,采用虚拟现实、脑电图和眼动追踪来研究不同注视类别之间的差异,有助于深入了解扫视起始作为事件触发因素的相关性,并增强我们对自然主义环境中认知过程的理解。