Demirci Banu, Lornage Jacqueline, Salle Bruno, Poirel Marie Thèrese, Guerin Jean François, Franck Michel
Laboratoire de Zootechnie, Ecole Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile 69280, France.
Theriogenology. 2003 Oct 1;60(6):999-1010. doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00121-3.
Animal experiments have shown that cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex, containing primordial follicles, could be used to preserve gametes thereby restoring fertility in humans and animals. During the last 100 years, many hundreds of species have been lost, and a third of the breeding animals are threatened with extinction. To preserve genetic diversity, notably for the conservation of endangered species, it is essential to conserve female and male gametes. Today, biotechnologies such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used in breeding programs and are well developed. However, even using these advanced techniques, there are problems due to the limited number of individuals used as the source of gametes, so that the risk of inbreeding is high, even in large populations. To preserve genetic diversity, it is necessary to create gene banks of male and female gametes and embryos, using a very large number of individual donors. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue could present a means for enlarging the gene pool. Cryopreserved ovarian tissue could be used in auto- or xenografts, or for in vitro maturation (IVM) of primordial follicles. In this review, we describe the processes for cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and the various possibilities for using it.
动物实验表明，对含有原始卵泡的卵巢皮质进行冷冻保存，可用于保存配子，从而恢复人类和动物的生育能力。在过去的100年里，数以百计的物种已经消失，三分之一的繁殖动物面临灭绝的威胁。为了保护遗传多样性，特别是为了保护濒危物种，保存雌性和雄性配子至关重要。如今，人工授精和胚胎移植等生物技术已应用于育种计划且发展成熟。然而，即使使用这些先进技术，由于用作配子来源的个体数量有限，仍存在问题，以至于即使在大种群中，近亲繁殖的风险也很高。为了保护遗传多样性，有必要利用大量个体供体建立雄性和雌性配子及胚胎的基因库。卵巢组织的冷冻保存可能是扩大基因库的一种手段。冷冻保存的卵巢组织可用于自体移植或异种移植，或用于原始卵泡的体外成熟（IVM）。在本综述中，我们描述了卵巢组织冷冻保存的过程及其各种应用可能性。
