Albernaz Elaine P, Menezes Ana Maria B, César Juraci A, Victora Cesar G, Barros Fernando C, Halpern Ricardo
Departamento Materno-Infantil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2003 Aug;37(4):485-93. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102003000400014. Epub 2003 Aug 20.
To investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors, maternal characteristics, breastfeeding, and hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the post-neonatal period.
A nested case-control study with a cohort of 5,304 children born in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, was conducted. The cohort study consisted of four sub-studies with their own methods and logistics. Mothers were interviewed using a standard questionnaire during in-hospital and home visits. Cases were defined as any child aged 28 to 364 days who had been hospitalized for bronchiolitis.
Among 5,304 cohort children, 113 (2.1%) were hospitalized for bronchiolitis. The hierarchical multivariate analysis performed using logistic regression showed the following results: family income and gestational age were inversely associated with the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis. Breastfeeding showed to have a protective effect; children who were breastfed for less than one month had 7 times less risk for being hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis in the first three months of life. The risk for hospitalization for bronchiolitis is 57% higher in those exposed to maternal smoking than in those non-exposed.
Hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis is inversely associated with family income, gestational age and duration of breastfeeding and positively associated with maternal smoking. There was not an association with either parity or maternal history of asthma.
探讨社会经济因素、母亲特征、母乳喂养与新生儿后期毛细支气管炎住院治疗之间的关系。
对巴西佩洛塔斯市出生的5304名儿童进行了一项巢式病例对照研究。队列研究由四个子研究组成，各有其自身的方法和流程。在住院期间和家访时，使用标准问卷对母亲进行访谈。病例定义为任何年龄在28至364天因毛细支气管炎住院的儿童。
在5304名队列儿童中，113名（2.1%）因毛细支气管炎住院。使用逻辑回归进行的分层多变量分析显示以下结果：家庭收入和孕周与毛细支气管炎住院风险呈负相关。母乳喂养显示出有保护作用；母乳喂养不足一个月的儿童在生命的前三个月因急性毛细支气管炎住院的风险降低7倍。暴露于母亲吸烟环境中的儿童因毛细支气管炎住院的风险比未暴露的儿童高57%。
急性毛细支气管炎住院与家庭收入、孕周和母乳喂养持续时间呈负相关，与母亲吸烟呈正相关。与产次或母亲哮喘病史均无关联。
