Macedo Silvia Elaine Cardozo, Menezes Ana Maria Baptista, Albernaz Elaine, Post Paulo, Knorst Marli
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2007 Jun;41(3):351-8. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102007000300005.
To evaluate risk factors for acute respiratory disease hospitalizations in children under one year of age.
A case-control study was conducted in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Cases were children under one year of age who were hospitalized due to acute respiratory diseases from August 1997 to July 1998. Controls were same-age community children randomly selected without previous respiratory disease hospitalization. A questionnaire about risk factors exposure was applied to the mothers of cases and controls. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses through logistic regression were carried out to evaluate risk factors for the outcome of interest.
There were studied 777 children; 625 cases and 152 controls. In the crude analysis, the risk factors associated with the outcome were: being male, children under six months of age, household crowding, maternal education, family income, inadequate housing conditions, lack of breastfeeding, maternal smoking, use of pacifiers, and a previous history of hospitalization and respiratory symptoms. Maternal working was a protection factor associated with acute respiratory disease hospitalizations. In the multivariate analysis the following risk factors remained associated: maternal education (OR=12.5), previous history of wheezing (OR=7.7), lack of breastfeeding (OR=2.3), use of pacifiers (OR=1.9), maternal smoking (OR=1.7), children under six months of age (OR=1.7), and being male (OR=1.5).
The study results show the importance of the family's social and behavioural aspects as well as previous respiratory disease as risk factors for acute respiratory disease hospitalizations in children under one year of age.
评估一岁以下儿童急性呼吸道疾病住院的危险因素。
在巴西南部的佩洛塔斯市进行了一项病例对照研究。病例为1997年8月至1998年7月因急性呼吸道疾病住院的一岁以下儿童。对照是随机选取的无既往呼吸道疾病住院史的同龄社区儿童。对病例和对照的母亲进行了关于危险因素暴露情况的问卷调查。通过逻辑回归进行单变量、双变量和多变量分析，以评估感兴趣结局的危险因素。
共研究了777名儿童；625例病例和152名对照。在粗分析中，与结局相关的危险因素有：男性、六个月以下儿童、家庭拥挤、母亲教育程度、家庭收入、住房条件差、未进行母乳喂养、母亲吸烟、使用安抚奶嘴以及既往住院和呼吸道症状史。母亲工作是与急性呼吸道疾病住院相关的保护因素。在多变量分析中，以下危险因素仍然相关：母亲教育程度（比值比=12.5）、既往喘息史（比值比=7.7）、未进行母乳喂养（比值比=2.3）、使用安抚奶嘴（比值比=1.9）、母亲吸烟（比值比=1.7）、六个月以下儿童（比值比=1.7）以及男性（比值比=1.5）。
研究结果表明，家庭的社会和行为方面以及既往呼吸道疾病作为一岁以下儿童急性呼吸道疾病住院的危险因素具有重要意义。
