Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Departamento de Pediatria, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Departamento de Nutrição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2023 Nov-Dec;99(6):635-640. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.007. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
To investigate the association between socioeconomic and nutritional factors with respiratory morbidity in the first year of life in different regions of Brazil.
A nested case-control study within a randomized field trial was conducted in three capital cities (Porto Alegre, Manaus, and Salvador), representing different macro-regions of the country. Cases were defined as children with a reported previous diagnosis of asthma, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. Corresponding controls were matched by age and sex in a 2:1 ratio, selected consecutively from the original cohort, resulting in a sample of 222 children. Bivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between sociodemographic and nutritional variables with respiratory morbidity outcomes, calculating odds ratios (OR) and their respective confidence intervals (95% CI). Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Potential confounding factors were adjusted through multivariate analysis (logistic regression).
Maternal smoking and breastfeeding for less than six months showed a significant association and increased risk of respiratory disease (OR=2.12 and 2.05, respectively). Children born in the Southern region of Brazil also demonstrated a higher association and risk of respiratory morbidity. The consumption of ultra-processed foods did not show a significant association or increased risk of respiratory disease.
Maternal smoking, breastfeeding for less than six months, and being born in the Southern region of Brazil are risk factors for the development of respiratory morbidity in the first year of life. The consumption of ultra-processed foods does not appear to pose a risk, but it was prevalent in more than 80% of the population, limiting its discriminatory power of analysis.
研究巴西不同地区社会经济和营养因素与生命第一年呼吸道发病的关系。
在一项随机现场试验中进行了嵌套病例对照研究，该试验在三个首府城市（阿雷格里港、玛瑙斯和萨尔瓦多）进行，代表了该国不同的宏观区域。病例定义为报告有哮喘、细支气管炎或肺炎既往诊断的儿童。通过年龄和性别以 2:1 的比例对相应的对照进行匹配，从原始队列中连续选择，从而产生了 222 名儿童的样本。进行了双变量分析，以评估社会人口统计学和营养变量与呼吸道发病结果之间的关系，计算比值比（OR）及其相应的置信区间（95%CI）。p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。通过多变量分析（逻辑回归）调整潜在的混杂因素。
母亲吸烟和母乳喂养少于 6 个月与呼吸道疾病的发生显著相关，并增加了发病风险（OR=2.12 和 2.05）。出生在巴西南部地区的儿童也表现出更高的呼吸道发病风险。超加工食品的消费与呼吸道疾病的发生无显著关联，也没有增加发病风险。
母亲吸烟、母乳喂养少于 6 个月以及出生在巴西南部地区是生命第一年呼吸道发病的危险因素。超加工食品的消费似乎没有带来风险，但它在超过 80%的人群中普遍存在，限制了其分析的区分能力。
