Wittenberg Curt, La Valle Roberto
Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bioessays. 2003 Sep;25(9):856-67. doi: 10.1002/bies.10327.
The stable differentiation of cells into other cell types typically involves dramatic reorganization of cellular structures and functions. This often includes remodeling of the cell cycle and the apparatus that controls it. Here we review our understanding of the role and regulation of cell cycle control elements during cell differentiation in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the process of differentiation may be more overtly obvious in metazoan organisms, those systems are by nature more difficult to study at a mechanistic level. We consider the relatively well-understood mechanisms by which mating-type switching and the pheromone-induced differentiation of gametes are coupled to the cell cycle as well as the more obscure mechanisms that govern the remodeling of the cell cycle during meiosis and filamentous growth. In some cases, the cell cycle is a primary stimulus for differentiation whereas, in other cases, the signals that promote differentiation alter the cell cycle. Thus, despite relative simplicity of these processes in yeast, the nature of the interplay between the cell cycle and differentiation is diverse.
细胞向其他细胞类型的稳定分化通常涉及细胞结构和功能的剧烈重组。这通常包括细胞周期及其调控机制的重塑。在此，我们综述了我们对酿酒酵母细胞分化过程中细胞周期控制元件的作用和调控的理解。尽管分化过程在多细胞生物中可能更为明显，但从机制层面研究这些系统本质上更具难度。我们考虑了相对清楚的机制，即交配型转换和配子的信息素诱导分化如何与细胞周期相偶联，以及在减数分裂和丝状生长过程中控制细胞周期重塑的更为模糊的机制。在某些情况下，细胞周期是分化的主要刺激因素，而在其他情况下，促进分化的信号会改变细胞周期。因此，尽管酵母中这些过程相对简单，但细胞周期与分化之间相互作用的本质却是多样的。
