Comparative analysis of cell cycle regulated genes in eukaryotes.

We compared microarray experiments on cell cycle of three model eukaryotes: budding and fission yeast and human cells. Only 112 orthologous groups were cyclic in the three model organisms. The common set of cyclic orthologs includes many taking part in the cell cycle progression, like cyclin B homologs, CDC5, SCH9, DSK2, ZPR1. Proteins involved in DNA replication included histones, some checkpoint kinases and some proteins regulating DNA damage and repair. Conserved cyclic proteins involved in cytokinesis included myosins and kinesins. Many groups of genes related to translation and other metabolic processes were also cyclic in all three organisms. This reflects rebuilding of cellular components after the replication and changes of metabolism during the cell cycle. Many genes important in cell cycle control are not cyclic or not conserved. This includes transcription factors implicated in the regulation of budding yeast cell cycle. The partially overlapping roles of regulatory proteins might allow the evolutionary substitution of components of cell cycle.