Jancsó Zoltán, Márton Hajnalka, Simay Attila, Ujhelyi István, Ilyés István
Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Családorvosi Tanszék.
Orv Hetil. 2003 Jul 20;144(29):1433-9.
Cardiovascular diseases are the first in the Hungarian mortality statistics. Numerous factors are known that may be involved as risk factors in the development of these diseases, and the risk is multiplied when they occur simultaneously. The recommendations of the European and Hungarian professional societies regard the early exploration of these risk factors and the estimation of cardiovascular risk as extremely important, since the intervention to be introduced depends on the extent of the risk.
The study was aimed to assess, by using a professionally accepted risk estimation method, the extent of cardiovascular risk in the adult population aged between 18 and 60 years and previously not treated for cardiovascular risk(s) or diseases. 48 family doctors' practices of four counties participated in the study; a total of 1320 individuals were enrolled. During the study targeted recording of medical history, physical examination and the determination of certain parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were performed. Afterwards the participants' cardiovascular risk was calculated for 10 years, based on the parameters obtained (age, sex, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level, status of carbohydrate metabolism).
Frequency of high and very high cardiovascular risk was 12.44% in the population (22.59% in men and 4.89% in women, 17.72% in middle-aged and 0.75% in younger patients). Distribution of cardiovascular risk levels was less favourable in men than in woman (p < 0.001), and in middle-aged patients than in younger ones (p < 0.001). The distributions of each risk factors were similar: significant differences were demonstrated in smoking habit, systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol between men and women as well as between middle and younger aged patients, however significant difference in alterations of carbohydrate metabolism was found just between middle- and younger aged groups.
Cardiovascular risk is reasonably high in adult population previously not treated with cardiovascular risks or disease. Distribution of risk levels is less favourable in men than in women, and middle-aged patients compared to younger aged patients. These results show that there is a need for the increase of the frequency of patients' preventive visits to physicians, since this can allow the identification of risk factors as early as possible, the recognition of increased cardiovascular risk and the use of the necessary and adequate intervention.
心血管疾病在匈牙利死亡率统计中位居首位。已知众多因素可能作为这些疾病发展的风险因素，而当它们同时出现时风险会成倍增加。欧洲和匈牙利专业协会的建议认为，尽早探究这些风险因素并评估心血管风险极为重要，因为后续引入的干预措施取决于风险程度。
本研究旨在通过一种专业认可的风险评估方法，评估年龄在18至60岁之间、此前未因心血管风险因素或疾病接受治疗的成年人群的心血管风险程度。四个县的48个家庭医生诊所参与了该研究；共招募了1320名个体。研究期间进行了针对性的病史记录、体格检查以及某些碳水化合物和脂质代谢参数的测定。之后，根据所获参数（年龄、性别、吸烟习惯、收缩压、总胆固醇水平、碳水化合物代谢状况）计算参与者未来10年的心血管风险。
该人群中高心血管风险和极高心血管风险的发生率为12.44%（男性为22.59%，女性为4.89%；中年患者为17.72%，年轻患者为0.75%）。心血管风险水平的分布在男性中比在女性中更不理想（p < 0.001），在中年患者中比在年轻患者中更不理想（p < 0.001）。各风险因素的分布情况相似：男性与女性之间以及中年与年轻患者之间在吸烟习惯、收缩压和血浆胆固醇方面存在显著差异，然而碳水化合物代谢变化方面的显著差异仅在中年与年轻组之间发现。
在先前未因心血管风险因素或疾病接受治疗的成年人群中，心血管风险相当高。风险水平的分布在男性中比在女性中更不理想，在中年患者中比在年轻患者中更不理想。这些结果表明，有必要增加患者看医生进行预防检查的频率，因为这可以尽早识别风险因素，认识到心血管风险增加，并采取必要且适当的干预措施。
