MacKinnon David P, Lockwood Chondra M
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1104, USA.
Prev Sci. 2003 Sep;4(3):155-71. doi: 10.1023/a:1024649822872.
The paper describes advances in statistical methods for prevention research with a particular focus on substance abuse prevention. Standard analysis methods are extended to the typical research designs and characteristics of the data collected in prevention research. Prevention research often includes longitudinal measurement, clustering of data in units such as schools or clinics, missing data, and categorical as well as continuous outcome variables. Statistical methods to handle these features of prevention data are outlined. Developments in mediation, moderation, and implementation analysis allow for the extraction of more detailed information from a prevention study. Advancements in the interpretation of prevention research results include more widespread calculation of effect size and statistical power, the use of confidence intervals as well as hypothesis testing, detailed causal analysis of research findings, and meta-analysis. The increased availability of statistical software has contributed greatly to the use of new methods in prevention research. It is likely that the Internet will continue to stimulate the development and application of new methods.
本文描述了预防研究统计方法的进展，特别关注药物滥用预防。标准分析方法被扩展到预防研究中典型的研究设计和所收集数据的特征。预防研究通常包括纵向测量、数据在学校或诊所等单位中的聚类、缺失数据以及分类和连续的结果变量。文中概述了处理预防数据这些特征的统计方法。中介、调节和实施分析的发展使得能够从预防研究中提取更详细的信息。预防研究结果解释方面的进展包括更广泛地计算效应量和统计功效、使用置信区间以及假设检验、对研究结果进行详细的因果分析和元分析。统计软件可用性的提高极大地促进了预防研究中新方法的使用。互联网很可能会继续推动新方法的开发和应用。
