错误记忆能否通过无意识过程产生？

Can false memories be created through nonconscious processes?

作者信息

Zeelenberg René, Plomp Gijs, Raaijmakers Jeroen G W

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Conscious Cogn. 2003 Sep;12(3):403-12. doi: 10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00021-7.

DOI:10.1016/s1053-8100(03)00021-7

PMID:12941285

Abstract

Presentation times of study words presented in the Deese/Roediger and McDermott (DRM) paradigm varied from 20 to 2000 ms per word in an attempt to replicate the false memory effect following extremely short presentations reported by. Both in a within-subjects design (Experiment 1) and in a between-subjects design (Experiment 2) subjects showed memory for studied words as well as a false memory effect for related critical lures in the 2000-ms condition. However, in the conditions with shorter presentation times (20 ms in Experiment 1; 20 and 40 ms in Experiment 2) no memory for studied words, nor a false memory effect was found. We argue that there is at present no strong evidence supporting the claim for a nonconscious basis of the false memory effect.

摘要

在Deese/Roediger和McDermott（DRM）范式中呈现的学习单词的呈现时间为每个单词20到2000毫秒，试图复制前人报道的极短呈现后出现的错误记忆效应。在一项被试内设计（实验1）和一项被试间设计（实验2）中，被试在2000毫秒的条件下对学习过的单词有记忆，并且对相关关键诱饵也有错误记忆效应。然而，在呈现时间较短的条件下（实验1中为20毫秒；实验2中为20和40毫秒），未发现对学习过的单词的记忆，也未发现错误记忆效应。我们认为，目前没有有力证据支持错误记忆效应存在无意识基础这一说法。