Brainerd C J, Yang Y, Reyna V F, Howe M L, Mills B A
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Dec;15(6):1035-53. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1035.
We studied the semantic properties of a class of illusions, of which the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is the most prominent example, in which subjects falsely remember words that are associates of studied words. We analyzed DRM materials for 16 dimensions of semantic content and assessed the ability of these dimensions to predict interlist variability in false memory. For the more general class of illusions, we analyzed pairs of presented and unpresented words that varied in associative strength for the presence of these same 16 semantic properties. DRM materials proved to be exceptionally rich in meaning, as indexed by these semantic properties. Variability in false recall, false recognition, and backward associative strength loaded on a single semantic factor (familiarity/meaningfulness), whereas variability in true recall loaded on a quite different factor (imagery/concreteness). For word association generally, 15 semantic properties varied reliably with forward or backward association between words. Implications for semantic versus associative processing in this class of illusions, for dual-process theories, and for semantic properties of word associations are discussed.
我们研究了一类错觉的语义特性，其中最突出的例子是迪斯/罗迪格 - 麦克德莫特（DRM）范式，在该范式中，受试者会错误地记住与所学单词相关联的单词。我们分析了DRM材料的16个语义内容维度，并评估了这些维度预测错误记忆中列表间变异性的能力。对于更一般的错觉类别，我们分析了呈现和未呈现的单词对，这些单词对在联想强度上有所不同，以确定是否存在相同的16种语义属性。事实证明，DRM材料在这些语义属性所衡量的意义方面异常丰富。错误回忆、错误识别和反向联想强度的变异性加载在一个单一的语义因素（熟悉度/意义性）上，而真实回忆的变异性则加载在一个截然不同的因素（意象性/具体性）上。一般来说，对于单词联想，15种语义属性会随着单词之间的正向或反向联想而可靠地变化。本文讨论了此类错觉中语义与联想加工、双加工理论以及单词联想的语义属性等方面的问题。
