Partidos Charalambos D
UPR 9021, CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, F-67084, Strasbourg, France.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2003 Sep;3(6):895-902. doi: 10.1517/14712598.3.6.895.
The skin is an attractive route for delivery of vaccines because it is accessible and contains immunocompetent cells. This opens up the possibility that, in the future, vaccines could be administered in a simple, safe and practical way without requiring the use of needles and syringes. This review focuses on the methods developed to deliver vaccines via the intact skin. Candidate vaccine antigens can be delivered topically using particulate delivery systems and patch formulations containing the antigen with an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin as an adjuvant. The duration and type of elicited immune responses depend on the antigen, the adjuvant and the method of delivery. Already, the first clinical trial of transcutaneous delivery of vaccines has demonstrated the proof of the principle. However, despite these successes, there are several challenges ahead to be addressed before vaccines administered with a patch will be available over the counter.
皮肤是一种具有吸引力的疫苗递送途径，因为它易于接触且含有免疫活性细胞。这使得未来有可能以简单、安全和实用的方式接种疫苗，而无需使用针头和注射器。本综述重点关注通过完整皮肤递送疫苗所开发的方法。候选疫苗抗原可通过颗粒递送系统和含有抗原并以ADP-核糖基化外毒素作为佐剂的贴片制剂进行局部递送。引发的免疫反应的持续时间和类型取决于抗原、佐剂和递送方法。目前，疫苗经皮递送的首次临床试验已证明了这一原理。然而，尽管取得了这些成功，但在贴片式疫苗能够在柜台销售之前，仍有几个挑战需要解决。
