Gebhardt Winifred A, Kuyper Lisette, Greunsven Gwen
Clinical and Health Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Adolesc Health. 2003 Sep;33(3):154-64. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00137-x.
To investigate the extent to which need for intimacy in relationships and motives for sex are capable of distinguishing between adolescents who always have protected sex and adolescents who do not, with reference to both steady and casual relationships.
Seven-hundred-and-one adolescents (424 males and 277 females) aged 15 to 23 years filled out a questionnaire assessing determinants of sexual behavior and various outcome behaviors, such as having casual sex and condom use.
Two-thirds of the participants (470) were sexually experienced. Discriminant functions using constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy), as well as the need for intimacy in relationships and motives for sex, were found to distinguish significantly between adolescents who always had protected sexual intercourse and adolescents who did not. This was valid both for sex within steady and within casual relationships. Besides a positive attitude and high perceived subjective norms, protected sex with a steady partner was characterized by low scores on the scale for the motive for sex to express love, and on the scale for the need for intimacy in relationships. Consistent condom use with casual partners was related to high self-efficacy, attitude, and perceived subjective norms, as well as a greater need for intimacy in relationships. Gender differences emerged with respects to determinants of (un)safe sex with casual partner(s), in that for males the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior were most important in distinguishing those who had unsafe casual sex from those who had safe casual sex. For females, on the other hand, the variables concerning the meaning attached to having sex or to the relationship within which sex occurs seemed to be of more significance in explaining (un)safe sex with casual partner(s). However, owing to small subsamples, caution is warranted when interpreting these differences.
In adolescence, the factors which influence the decision to have (un)protected sex depend on the kind of relationship that exists between the partners. In addition, the goals which adolescents pursue with regard to their relationships and with regard to having sex fulfill an important role in the decision-making process whether to use condoms.
探讨恋爱关系中对亲密感的需求和性动机在区分始终采取安全性行为的青少年与未采取安全性行为的青少年方面的能力，同时参考稳定恋爱关系和偶然恋爱关系。
701名年龄在15至23岁之间的青少年（424名男性和277名女性）填写了一份问卷，评估性行为的决定因素以及各种结果行为，如偶然性行为和使用避孕套的情况。
三分之二的参与者（470人）有过性经历。研究发现，使用计划行为理论的构念（态度、主观规范、自我效能感）以及恋爱关系中对亲密感的需求和性动机的判别函数，能够显著区分始终进行安全性行为的青少年和未进行安全性行为的青少年。这在稳定恋爱关系和偶然恋爱关系中的性行为中均有效。除了积极的态度和较高的感知主观规范外，与稳定伴侣进行安全性行为的特点是在表达爱的性动机量表和恋爱关系中对亲密感的需求量表上得分较低。与偶然伴侣始终使用避孕套与较高的自我效能感、态度和感知主观规范以及恋爱关系中对亲密感的更大需求有关。在与偶然伴侣发生（不）安全性行为的决定因素方面出现了性别差异，即对于男性而言，计划行为理论的变量在区分有不安全偶然性行为的人和有安全偶然性行为的人方面最为重要。另一方面，对于女性来说，与发生性行为或性行为发生的关系所赋予的意义相关的变量似乎在解释与偶然伴侣的（不）安全性行为方面更具重要性。然而，由于子样本较小，在解释这些差异时需要谨慎。
在青春期，影响进行（不）安全性行为决定的因素取决于伴侣之间存在的恋爱关系类型。此外，青少年在恋爱关系和性行为方面追求的目标在是否使用避孕套的决策过程中起着重要作用。
