Carmichael Fiona, Charles Susan
School of Accounting, Economics and Management Science, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
J Health Econ. 2003 Sep;22(5):781-803. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6296(03)00044-4.
In this paper, we investigate the costs borne by both male and female carers in terms of their forgone formal employment opportunities. Traditionally, informal care was supplied by women but nowadays women are not only more likely to work, but also likely to be significant contributors to family finances. For women, this implies that the size of any forgone earnings cost of informal care is increasing. At the same time, population ageing is making for increasing numbers requiring care. From a policy perspective it is therefore helpful to consider a less traditional but nevertheless important source of informal care, men. We find that both male and female carers bear indirect costs in that they are less likely to be in paid work than otherwise similar non-carers and when they are in paid work they earn significantly less. However, we find that the motivation for lower employment participation is not the same for men as it is for women.
在本文中，我们研究了男性和女性照料者因放弃正式就业机会而承担的成本。传统上，非正式照料由女性提供，但如今女性不仅更有可能工作，而且很可能是家庭经济的重要贡献者。对女性来说，这意味着非正式照料所放弃的任何收入成本规模都在增加。与此同时，人口老龄化使得需要照料的人数不断增加。因此，从政策角度来看，考虑一个不太传统但仍然重要的非正式照料来源——男性，是有帮助的。我们发现，男性和女性照料者都承担间接成本，因为与其他情况类似的非照料者相比，他们从事有偿工作的可能性较小，而且当他们从事有偿工作时，收入也显著较低。然而，我们发现男性就业参与率较低的动机与女性不同。
