Requejo A M, Ortega R M, Robles F, Navia B, Faci M, Aparicio A
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57 Suppl 1:S54-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601816.
To study the differences in cognitive status with respect to food habits and energy and nutrient intake in a group of non institutionalised, elderly people.
Prospective study.
The study subjects were independently living, elderly people who spent some of their time at day centres in the Comunidad de Madrid (the Madrid region). The study centres were selected by the Madrid City Hall.
The study included 168 elderly people aged 65-90 y. All accepted the invitation to participate, met all inclusion criteria, and were free of significant cognitive impairment.
Dietary intake was monitored using a 'food record' for 7 consecutive days including a Sunday. In addition, the 'precise individual weighing' method was used for 5 days in order to monitor the meals taken by the subjects at the centres' canteens. Cognitive capacity was measured using Folstein's mini-mental state examination (MMSE), validated for the Spanish population.
Subjects with an adequate cognitive capacity (MMSE>/=28) showed a greater intake of total foods, fish, and alcoholic drinks, but took less foods from the 'various' group (chocolates, cakes, etc). These subjects had a more adequate intake of fatty acids and cholesterol, and a greater intake of vitamins implicated in correct brain function (thiamine, folic acid, vitamin C).
Subjects with satisfactory intellectual function generally had a better diet. This shows the importance of correct nutrition in its maintenance.
研究一组非机构化老年人在饮食习惯、能量及营养摄入方面的认知状况差异。
前瞻性研究。
研究对象为独立生活的老年人，他们部分时间在马德里自治区（马德里地区）的日间护理中心度过。研究中心由马德里市政厅选定。
研究纳入了168名65 - 90岁的老年人。所有参与者均接受邀请，符合所有纳入标准，且无明显认知障碍。
使用“食物记录”连续7天（包括一个周日）监测饮食摄入情况。此外，采用“精确个体称重”方法，持续5天，以监测研究对象在中心食堂的用餐情况。使用经西班牙人群验证的福尔斯坦简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）测量认知能力。
认知能力正常（MMSE≥28）的研究对象摄入的食物总量、鱼类及酒精饮料较多，但“各类”食物（巧克力、蛋糕等）的摄入量较少。这些研究对象脂肪酸和胆固醇的摄入量更合理，对大脑正常功能有重要作用的维生素（硫胺素、叶酸、维生素C）摄入量也更多。
智力功能良好的研究对象通常饮食更佳。这表明合理营养对维持智力功能的重要性。
