Wood David
Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Florida/Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Pediatrics. 2003 Sep;112(3 Part 2):707-11.
Poverty has been described as an economic state that does not allow for the provision of basic family and child needs, such as adequate food, clothing, and housing. However, the debate about the effects of poverty on the growth, development, and health of children is as much involved with the culture or general context of poverty as it is with the economics of poverty. This culture of poverty is in part mediated through environmental deprivations, such as failing schools, gangs, drugs, violence, and struggling families. Heclo(1) described this sociocultural and environmental dimension of poverty as "a condition of misery, hopelessness, and dependency." The subject of this article is to review the literature on the effects of poverty on US children as mediated through economic, ecologic, and family influences.
贫困被描述为一种经济状况，它使得无法满足家庭和儿童的基本需求，如充足的食物、衣物和住房。然而，关于贫困对儿童成长、发育和健康影响的争论，涉及贫困文化或贫困的总体背景的程度，与涉及贫困经济学的程度相当。这种贫困文化部分是通过环境匮乏来体现的，比如破败的学校、帮派、毒品、暴力以及苦苦挣扎的家庭。赫克洛（1）将贫困的这种社会文化和环境层面描述为“一种痛苦、绝望和依赖的状态”。本文的主题是回顾有关贫困通过经济、生态和家庭影响对美国儿童产生影响的文献。
