描述口服羟考酮在非药物滥用志愿者中的主观、精神运动和生理效应。
Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oral oxycodone in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
作者信息
Zacny James P, Gutierrez Sandra
机构信息
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care/MC 4028, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
出版信息
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Nov;170(3):242-254. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1540-9. Epub 2003 Aug 29.
RATIONALE
The subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a widely prescribed and abused prescription opioid, oxycodone, have not been studied in a population of non-drug-abusing people.
OBJECTIVES
To characterize the effects of oxycodone in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
METHODS
Eighteen volunteers participated in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study in which they received, all p.o., placebo, 10 mg oxycodone, 20 mg oxycodone, 30 mg oxycodone, 40 mg morphine, and 2 mg lorazepam. Measures were assessed before and for 300 min after drug administration. End-of-session and 24-h post-session measures were taken to assess residual drug effects and overall subjects' assessments of the drug effects.
RESULTS
Subjective effects of oxycodone were dose related, with the majority of statistically significant effects limited to the two higher doses tested. Oxycodone produced a profile of subjective effects that included both pleasant and unpleasant effects. Morphine in general produced effects similar in magnitude to those of 10 mg and 20 mg oxycodone. Peak liking and drug-wanting ratings were increased by all doses of oxycodone and by morphine, and trough ratings of liking (dislike) were lower in the 20-mg and 30-mg oxycodone conditions, relative to the placebo condition. Post-session ratings of overall liking and drug wanting were not statistically significant, either at the end of the session or 24 h later. Cognitive and psychomotor impairment were obtained with the higher doses of oxycodone, but to a much lesser degree than that of lorazepam. Miosis and exophoria were increased in a dose-related manner by oxycodone.
CONCLUSIONS
Oxycodone produced effects similar to those of other mu opioid agonists. Although oxycodone produced abuse liability-related subjective effects, it also produced unpleasant effects, a phenomenon we have observed in other opioid studies in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
理论依据
一种广泛使用且滥用的处方阿片类药物羟考酮对非药物滥用人群的主观、精神运动和生理影响尚未得到研究。
目的
描述羟考酮对非药物滥用志愿者的影响。
方法
18名志愿者参与了一项交叉、随机、双盲研究，他们口服接受安慰剂、10毫克羟考酮、20毫克羟考酮、30毫克羟考酮、40毫克吗啡和2毫克劳拉西泮。在给药前及给药后300分钟进行测量。在实验结束时和实验结束后24小时进行测量，以评估残留药物效应和受试者对药物效应的总体评估。
结果
羟考酮的主观效应与剂量相关，大多数具有统计学意义的效应仅限于所测试的两个较高剂量。羟考酮产生的主观效应包括愉悦和不愉悦的效应。一般来说，吗啡产生的效应在程度上与10毫克和20毫克羟考酮产生的效应相似。所有剂量的羟考酮和吗啡均提高了峰值喜好和药物渴求评分，相对于安慰剂组，20毫克和30毫克羟考酮组的喜好低谷评分（不喜欢）更低。在实验结束时或24小时后，实验后总体喜好和药物渴求评分无统计学意义。较高剂量的羟考酮会导致认知和精神运动功能损害，但程度远低于劳拉西泮。羟考酮使瞳孔缩小和外斜视呈剂量依赖性增加。
结论
羟考酮产生的效应与其他μ阿片受体激动剂相似。尽管羟考酮产生了与滥用可能性相关的主观效应，但它也产生了不愉悦的效应，这一现象我们在非药物滥用志愿者的其他阿片类药物研究中也观察到了。
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