Repp Bruno H, Penel Amandine
Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown Street, New Haven, CT 06511-6695, USA.
Psychol Res. 2004 Aug;68(4):252-70. doi: 10.1007/s00426-003-0143-8. Epub 2003 Sep 3.
People often move in synchrony with auditory rhythms (e.g., music), whereas synchronization of movement with purely visual rhythms is rare. In two experiments, this apparent attraction of movement to auditory rhythms was investigated by requiring participants to tap their index finger in synchrony with an isochronous auditory (tone) or visual (flashing light) target sequence while a distractor sequence was presented in the other modality at one of various phase relationships. The obtained asynchronies and their variability showed that auditory distractors strongly attracted participants' taps, whereas visual distractors had much weaker effects, if any. This asymmetry held regardless of the spatial congruence or relative salience of the stimuli in the two modalities. When different irregular timing patterns were imposed on target and distractor sequences, participants' taps tended to track the timing pattern of auditory distractor sequences when they were approximately in phase with visual target sequences, but not the reverse. These results confirm that rhythmic movement is more strongly attracted to auditory than to visual rhythms. To the extent that this is an innate proclivity, it may have been an important factor in the evolution of music.
人们常常会与听觉节奏（如音乐）同步移动，而与纯粹的视觉节奏同步移动则很少见。在两项实验中，通过要求参与者在呈现不同相位关系的另一模态干扰序列时，与等时的听觉（音调）或视觉（闪烁光）目标序列同步轻敲食指，来研究运动对听觉节奏这种明显的吸引力。所获得的异步性及其变异性表明，听觉干扰物强烈吸引参与者的敲击动作，而视觉干扰物的影响则弱得多（如果有影响的话）。无论两种模态中刺激的空间一致性或相对显著性如何，这种不对称性都存在。当对目标序列和干扰序列施加不同的不规则时间模式时，当听觉干扰序列与视觉目标序列大致同相时，参与者的敲击动作倾向于跟随听觉干扰序列的时间模式，反之则不然。这些结果证实，有节奏的运动对听觉节奏的吸引力比对视觉节奏的吸引力更强。就这是一种先天倾向而言，它可能是音乐进化中的一个重要因素。
