Jeong Jaeuk, Nam Soo Mi, Seo Hyejin
Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Division of Sports Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Front Psychol. 2024 Aug 9;15:1419135. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1419135. eCollection 2024.
Accurate motor timing requires the coordinated control of actions in response to external stimuli. Over the past few years, several studies have investigated the effect of sensory input on motor timing; however, the evidence remains conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sensory modality and tempo on the accuracy of timed movements and explore strategies for enhancing motor timing.
Participants ( = 30) performed synchronization and adaptation circle drawing tasks in virtual reality. In Experiment 1, participants synchronized circle drawing with repeated stimuli based on sensory modalities (auditory, visual, tactile, audio-visual, audio-tactile, and visual-tactile) and tempos (20, 30, and 60 bpm). In Experiment 2, we examined timing adaptation in circle drawing tasks under conditions of unexpected tempo changes, whether increased or decreased.
A significant interaction effect between modality and tempo was observed in the comparison of timing accuracy. Tactile stimuli exhibited significantly higher timing accuracy at 60 bpm, whereas auditory stimuli demonstrated a peak accuracy at 30 bpm. The analysis revealed a significantly larger timing error when adapting to changes in the tempo-down condition compared with the tempo-up condition.
Through Experiment 1, we found that sensory modality impacts motor timing differently depending on the tempo, with tactile modality being effective at a faster tempo and auditory modality being beneficial at a moderate tempo. Additionally, Experiment 2 revealed that adapting to changes by correcting timing errors is more challenging with decreasing tempo than with increasing tempo. Our findings suggest that motor timing is intricately influenced by sensory modality and tempo variation. Therefore, to enhance the motor timing, a comprehensive understanding of these factors and their applications is imperative.
精确的运动计时需要对响应外部刺激的动作进行协调控制。在过去几年中，多项研究调查了感觉输入对运动计时的影响；然而，证据仍然相互矛盾。本研究的目的是检验感觉模态和节奏对定时动作准确性的影响，并探索增强运动计时的策略。
30名参与者在虚拟现实中执行同步和适应性画圈任务。在实验1中，参与者根据感觉模态（听觉、视觉、触觉、视听、听触觉和视触觉）和节奏（20、30和60次/分钟），通过重复刺激同步画圈。在实验2中，我们研究了在意外节奏变化（无论是加快还是减慢）的条件下画圈任务中的计时适应性。
在计时准确性比较中观察到模态和节奏之间存在显著的交互作用。触觉刺激在60次/分钟时表现出显著更高的计时准确性，而听觉刺激在30次/分钟时达到最高准确性。分析显示，与节奏加快的情况相比，在适应节奏减慢的变化时计时误差显著更大。
通过实验1，我们发现感觉模态对运动计时的影响因节奏而异，触觉模态在较快节奏下有效，听觉模态在中等节奏下有益。此外，实验2表明，通过纠正计时误差来适应变化时，节奏减慢比节奏加快更具挑战性。我们的研究结果表明，运动计时受到感觉模态和节奏变化的复杂影响。因此，为了提高运动计时能力，必须全面了解这些因素及其应用。
