Baquero F, Reig M
Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;11(11):1016-20. doi: 10.1007/BF01967792.
As a consequence of antibiotic consumption, the entire microbial ecosystem attached to man is evolving towards resistance. In Spain, penicillin resistance (MIC > 0.5 mg/l) is found in about 10% of Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium perfringens and Eubacterium, and in 50% of Veillonella. Cefoxitin resistance ( > 2 mg/l) is present in 10 to 20% of Peptostreptococcus and Clostridium, and in 50% of Eubacterium; 21% of Bacteroides (fragilis group) strains are resistant to 16 mg/l. A very low rate of imipenem resistance (> or = 128 mg/l) is found among Bacteroides (1%), but for 5% of the isolates MICs of imipenem are 2 to 4 mg/l. Metronidazole resistance ( > 8 mg/l) is found in 5 to 10% of Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium and Veillonella, and in less than 1% of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Erythromycin resistance ( > 2 mg/l) is present in over two-thirds of the Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella and Fusobacterium isolates, and in 27% of the Clostridium perfringens strains. Clindamycin resistance ( > 4 mg/l) is found in 10 to 20% of the Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium and Eubacterium isolates, and in 20% of the Bacteroides of the fragilis group, this rate being higher (30%) among faecal isolates.
由于抗生素的使用，附着在人体上的整个微生物生态系统正朝着抗药性方向演变。在西班牙，约10%的消化链球菌、产气荚膜梭菌和真杆菌以及50%的韦荣球菌中发现有青霉素耐药性（最低抑菌浓度>0.5毫克/升）。10%至20%的消化链球菌和梭菌以及50%的真杆菌中存在头孢西丁耐药性（>2毫克/升）；21%的拟杆菌（脆弱类杆菌群）菌株对16毫克/升耐药。在拟杆菌中发现亚胺培南耐药率极低（>或=128毫克/升）（1%），但5%的分离株中亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度为2至4毫克/升。5%至10%的消化链球菌、梭菌和韦荣球菌以及不到1%的脆弱拟杆菌群中发现有甲硝唑耐药性（>8毫克/升）。超过三分之二的消化链球菌、韦荣球菌和梭杆菌分离株以及27%的产气荚膜梭菌菌株中存在红霉素耐药性（>2毫克/升）。10%至20%的消化链球菌、梭菌和真杆菌分离株以及20%的脆弱拟杆菌群拟杆菌中发现有克林霉素耐药性（>4毫克/升），粪便分离株中的这一比例更高（30%）。
