Fernández Pérez Cristina, Coll Torres Elisabeth, Barreales Tolosa Laura
Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n 28040 Madrid, España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2003 Jul-Aug;56(6):589-94.
Epidemiology develops measurements that allow to quantify the occurrence of disease within the population. There are three types of measurements: frequency measurements, explained in this article; association measurements, between the occurrence of disease and some characteristics, the effect of which on the disease is what they intend to measure; and measurements of the potential impact that modification or disappearance of some risk factors would have on the occurrence of disease in the population. The first objective of epidemiological studies is the knowledge of the frequency of disease. There are three basic measurements of frequency of a disease. Prevalence measures the proportion of people that has it in a given moment. Cumulative incidence measures the proportion of people that convert from non-sick individual to sick individual during a specified period of time. Incidence rate is a measure of the instantaneous strength of occurrence of the disease.
流行病学制定了一些测量方法，用以量化人群中疾病的发生情况。有三种测量类型：频率测量，本文将对此进行解释；关联测量，即疾病发生与某些特征之间的关联，他们旨在测量这些特征对疾病的影响；以及某些风险因素的改变或消失对人群中疾病发生可能产生的影响的测量。流行病学研究的首要目标是了解疾病的发生频率。疾病发生频率有三种基本测量方法。患病率衡量特定时刻患有该病的人群比例。累积发病率衡量在特定时间段内从非患病个体转变为患病个体的人群比例。发病率是对疾病发生瞬间强度的一种测量。
