Barreales Tolosa Laura, Mato Chaín Gloria, Mariano Lázaro Alberto, Fernández Pérez Cristina, Rodríguez Caravaca Gil, Fereres Castiel José
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Planta 4o Norte, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2003 Jul-Aug;56(6):605-13.
The design of an epidemiological study includes the procedures, methods and techniques by which the researcher tries to obtain valid (avoiding systematic errors or bias) and precise (avoiding random errors) answers to the research question posed. This principal question aimed to be answered is the specific objective of the study, which guides the election of an adequate type of design. The objective of this article is to describe the classification criteria (finality, temporal sequence, directionality, and control of the assignation of different study factors) of the different types of epidemiological studies (experimental, almost-experimental, and observational) and the main advantages, disadvantages, utilities and objectives of each investigation design.
流行病学研究的设计包括研究人员试图获得对所提出研究问题的有效答案（避免系统误差或偏差）和精确答案（避免随机误差）的程序、方法和技术。旨在回答的这个主要问题是研究的具体目标，它指导着适当设计类型的选择。本文的目的是描述不同类型流行病学研究（实验性、准实验性和观察性）的分类标准（目的、时间顺序、方向性以及不同研究因素分配的控制）以及每种研究设计的主要优点、缺点、用途和目标。
