Aubier M
Unité de pneumologie, INSERM U226, hôpital Bichat, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1992 Dec 1;42(19):2452-6.
The drugs used in asthmatic attacks must act on the two major mechanisms of the disease: bronchial obstruction and inflammation of the airways. Two main classes of drugs are available to reach these targets: bronchodilators, headed by beta 2-stimulants, and anti-inflammatory drugs of the corticosteroid family. Bronchodilatation obtained with beta 2-stimulants is the first and most effective treatment of the attack. These drugs are usually administered by inhalation: metered-dose aerosols with or without inhalation chambers, or nebulization for severe attacks. Very high doses can be used without fear of side-effects, the principal objective of this treatment being to relieve bronchial obstruction. In the absence of rapid and lasting improvement bronchodilators must always be combined with corticosteroids. In all cases medical supervision immediately after the attacks is necessary and the patient should subsequently be put under care of pneumologists.
支气管阻塞和气道炎症。有两类主要药物可实现这些目标：以β2-激动剂为首的支气管扩张剂，以及皮质类固醇家族的抗炎药物。使用β2-激动剂实现的支气管扩张是发作的首要且最有效的治疗方法。这些药物通常通过吸入给药：有或没有吸入装置的定量气雾剂，或用于严重发作的雾化治疗。可以使用非常高的剂量而不用担心副作用，这种治疗的主要目的是缓解支气管阻塞。如果没有迅速且持久的改善，支气管扩张剂必须始终与皮质类固醇联合使用。在所有情况下，发作后立即进行医疗监护是必要的，随后患者应接受肺病专家的护理。
