Campos-Outcalt D, Bay C, Dellapena A, Cota M K
Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85006, USA.
Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;9(3):251-6. doi: 10.1136/ip.9.3.251.
To compare rates of motor vehicle crash (MVC) fatalities among different race/ethnic groups in urban and rural Arizona.
Using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death file, MVC fatalities in Arizona from 1990-96 inclusive were classified by gender, race/ethnicity, and urban or rural residence. Age adjusted rates of total, occupant, pedestrian, and alcohol related fatalities were calculated. The total MVC fatality rate for each race/ethnic group was then adjusted for proportion of rural residence.
Compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), American Indians had raised relative risks for MVC fatality in all gender and residence subgroups. Hispanic females and rural Hispanic males had lower relative risks, as did rural African-American men. Raised relative risks for American Indian men and women included all subgroups: total, occupant, pedestrian, and alcohol related. Hispanic and African-American men both had raised relative risks of pedestrian related fatalities, and Hispanic men had a slightly higher relative risk while Hispanic women had a lower relative risks, for alcohol related fatality. Hispanic men and women and African-American men had lower occupant fatality rates. Close to half (45%) of the excess MVC fatality among American Indians can be attributed to residence in rural areas, where MVC fatality rates are higher. There were 1.85 occupants in crashes involving NHW deaths compared with 2.51 for Hispanics and 2.71 for American Indians (p<0.001). The proportion of occupants not using a seatbelt was higher in Hispanics and American Indians in both urban and rural areas.
The major disparity in MVC fatality in Arizona is among American Indians. The higher MVC fatality rates among American Indians occur in all age groups, in both urban and rural areas, and among occupants and pedestrians. Rural residence, lower rates of seatbelt use, higher rates of alcohol related crashes, a greater number of occupants, and higher rates of pedestrian deaths all contribute to the American Indian MVC fatality disparity. High rates of pedestrian fatality occur in men in all three race/ethnic minorities in Arizona and among American Indian women. In contrast to other studies, African-Americans and Hispanics did not have raised total MVC fatality rates and compared to NHWs actually had lower rates in the rural areas of the state.
比较亚利桑那州城乡不同种族/族裔群体的机动车碰撞（MVC）死亡率。
利用死亡分析报告系统和国家卫生统计中心的多死因档案，将1990年至1996年（含）亚利桑那州的MVC死亡按性别、种族/族裔和城乡居住地进行分类。计算了年龄调整后的总死亡率、驾乘人员死亡率、行人死亡率和与酒精相关的死亡率。然后根据农村居民比例对每个种族/族裔群体的总MVC死亡率进行调整。
与非西班牙裔白人（NHW）相比，美洲印第安人在所有性别和居住亚组中的MVC死亡相对风险均有所升高。西班牙裔女性和农村西班牙裔男性的相对风险较低，农村非裔美国男性也是如此。美洲印第安男性和女性相对风险升高的情况包括所有亚组：总死亡率、驾乘人员死亡率、行人死亡率和与酒精相关的死亡率。西班牙裔和非裔美国男性的行人相关死亡率相对风险均有所升高，西班牙裔男性的酒精相关死亡率相对风险略高，而西班牙裔女性的相对风险较低。西班牙裔男性和女性以及非裔美国男性的驾乘人员死亡率较低。美洲印第安人MVC死亡超额数中近一半（45%）可归因于居住在农村地区，那里的MVC死亡率较高。涉及NHW死亡的碰撞事故中平均每起有1.85名驾乘人员，而西班牙裔为2.51名，美洲印第安人为2.71名（p<0.001）。城乡西班牙裔和美洲印第安人中未使用安全带的驾乘人员比例较高。
亚利桑那州MVC死亡的主要差异存在于美洲印第安人之中。美洲印第安人较高的MVC死亡率出现在所有年龄组、城乡地区以及驾乘人员和行人中。农村居住、较低的安全带使用率、较高的与酒精相关的碰撞事故率、更多的驾乘人员数量以及较高的行人死亡率都导致了美洲印第安人MVC死亡差异。亚利桑那州所有三个种族/族裔少数群体中的男性以及美洲印第安女性的行人死亡率都很高。与其他研究不同的是，非裔美国人和西班牙裔的总MVC死亡率并未升高，与NHW相比，该州农村地区的实际死亡率更低。
