机动车碰撞致死事故：科罗拉多州西班牙裔与非西班牙裔驾车者的比较

Motor vehicle crash fatalities: A comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic motorists in Colorado.

作者信息

Harper J S, Marine W M, Garrett C J, Lezotte D, Lowenstein S R

机构信息

Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment,Denver, CO, USA.

出版信息

Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Dec;36(6):589-96. doi: 10.1067/mem.2000.111058.

DOI:10.1067/mem.2000.111058

PMID:11097699

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES

We compare the population-based death rates from traffic crashes in the Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations in a single state, and compare fatally injured Hispanic and non-Hispanic drivers with respect to safety belt use, alcohol involvement, speeding, vehicle age, valid licensure, and urban-rural location.

METHODS

Hispanic and non-Hispanic white motorists killed in traffic crashes in 1991-1995 were studied (n=2,272). Data from death certificates (age, sex, education, race, and ethnicity) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS; driver, vehicle, and crash information) were merged. Average annual age-adjusted fatality rates were calculated; to compare Hispanic and non-Hispanic white motorists, rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for age, sex, and rural locale, were calculated to measure the association between Hispanic ethnicity and driver and crash characteristics.

RESULTS

Eighty-five percent of FARS records were matched to death certificates. Compared with non-Hispanic white motorists, Hispanics had higher crash-related fatality rates overall (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.92) and for drivers only (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.85). After adjustment for age, sex, and rural locale, Hispanic drivers had higher rates of safety belt nonuse (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.72), legal alcohol intoxication (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.79), speeding (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.88), and invalid licensure (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.75). The average vehicle age for Hispanic drivers (10.1 years, 95% CI 9.3 to 11.0) was greater than for non-Hispanic white motorists (8.8 years, 95% CI 8.4 to 9.2).

CONCLUSION

Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic drivers have higher rates of safety belt nonuse, speeding, invalid licensure and alcohol involvement, with correspondingly higher rates of death in traffic crashes. As traffic safety emerges as a public health priority in Hispanic communities, these data may help in developing appropriate and culturally sensitive interventions.

摘要

研究目的

我们比较了单一州内西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人人口中基于人群的交通事故死亡率，并比较了受致命伤的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔驾驶员在安全带使用、酒精影响、超速驾驶、车辆使用年限、有效驾照持有情况以及城乡位置方面的差异。

方法

对1991 - 1995年在交通事故中死亡的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人驾车者进行研究（n = 2272）。将死亡证明（年龄、性别、教育程度、种族和族裔）数据与死亡分析报告系统（FARS；驾驶员、车辆和事故信息）的数据进行合并。计算年龄调整后的年均死亡率；为比较西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人驾车者，计算率比（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）。计算经年龄、性别和农村地区调整的优势比（OR），以衡量西班牙裔族裔与驾驶员及事故特征之间的关联。

结果

85%的FARS记录与死亡证明相匹配。与非西班牙裔白人驾车者相比，西班牙裔总体上与事故相关的死亡率更高（RR 1.75，95% CI 1.60至1.92），仅驾驶员死亡率更高（RR 1.62，95% CI 1.41至1.85）。在对年龄、性别和农村地区进行调整后，西班牙裔驾驶员不使用安全带的比例更高（OR 1.81，95% CI 1.20至2.72）、法定酒精中毒比例更高（OR 2.73，95% CI 1.97至3.79）、超速比例更高（OR 1.36，95% CI 0.99至1.88）以及驾照无效比例更高（OR 2.58，95% CI 1.78至3.75）。西班牙裔驾驶员的平均车辆使用年限（10.1年，95% CI 9.3至11.0）大于非西班牙裔白人驾车者（8.8年，95% CI 8.4至9.2）。