Horak I G, Gallivan G J, Braack L E O, Boomker J, De Vos V
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2003 Jun;70(2):131-63.
Ectoparasites were collected from impalas, Aepyceros melampus, at four localities within the Kruger National Park, namely Skukuza, in the Biyamiti region, Crocodile Bridge and Pafuri. Animals were also examined at Skukuza during a severe drought and at Skukuza and Pafuri towards the end of a second drought. Parasite burdens were analysed in relation to locality, sex, age class, month and drought. The impalas were infested with 13 ixodid ticks species, including two that were identified only to genus level. Except for four animals at Pafuri, all were infested with Amblyomma hebraeum. The highest intensity of infestation with larvae of this tick occurred from April to June and during November and December at Skukuza and in the Biyamiti region. Infestation with nymphs was highest during late winter. All animals were infested with Boophilus decoloratus, and the intensity of infestation was highest during spring. The intensity of infestation with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was highest at Crocodile Bridge and at Pafuri, and that of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis at Skukuza. With both the latter species the intensity of infestation of larvae was highest from April to August, of nymphs from July to September or October and of adults during February and March. Rhipicephalus kochi was present only at Pafuri. The impalas also harboured five louse species and two species of hippoboscid flies. The intensity of infestation with lice tended to be greater during late winter and spring than during other seasons and greater on lambs than on yearlings on which it was greater than on adult animals.
在克鲁格国家公园内的四个地点，即比亚马蒂地区的斯库库扎、鳄鱼桥和帕富里，从黑斑羚（Aepyceros melampus）身上采集了体外寄生虫。在一次严重干旱期间，还在斯库库扎对动物进行了检查，并在第二次干旱结束时在斯库库扎和帕富里进行了检查。分析了寄生虫负荷与地点、性别、年龄组、月份和干旱的关系。黑斑羚感染了13种硬蜱，其中两种仅鉴定到属级。除了帕富里的四只动物外，所有动物都感染了希伯来花蜱（Amblyomma hebraeum）。这种蜱幼虫的最高感染强度发生在4月至6月以及11月和12月的斯库库扎和比亚马蒂地区。若虫感染率在冬末最高。所有动物都感染了变色牛蜱（Boophilus decoloratus），感染强度在春季最高。附肢璃眼蜱（Rhipicephalus appendiculatus）的感染强度在鳄鱼桥和帕富里最高，赞比亚璃眼蜱（Rhipicephalus zambeziensis）在斯库库扎最高。对于后两种蜱，幼虫的感染强度在4月至8月最高，若虫在7月至9月或10月最高，成虫在2月和3月最高。科氏璃眼蜱（Rhipicephalus kochi）仅出现在帕富里。黑斑羚还携带了五种虱类和两种螫蝇。虱子的感染强度在冬末和春季往往比其他季节更大，在羔羊身上比一岁羊更大，而一岁羊又比成年动物更大。
