MacInnis R J, Cassar C, Nowson C A, Paton L M, Flicker L, Hopper J L, Larkins R G, Wark J D
Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Sep;18(9):1650-6. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1650.
Reported effects of body composition and lifestyle on bone mineral density in pre-elderly adult women have been inconsistent. In a co-twin study, we measured bone mineral density, lean and fat mass, and lifestyle factors. Analyzing within pair differences, we found negative associations between bone mineral density and tobacco use (2.3-3.3% per 10 pack-years) and positive associations with sporting activity and lean and fat mass.
Reported effects of body composition and lifestyle of bone mineral density in pre-elderly adult women have been inconsistent.
In a co-twin study of 146 female twin pairs aged 30 to 65 years, DXA was used to measure bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, total hip, and forearm, total body bone mineral content, and lean and fat mass. Height and weight were measured. Menopausal status, dietary calcium intake, physical activity, current tobacco use, and alcohol consumption were determined by questionnaire. Within-pair differences in bone measures were regressed through the origin against within-pair differences in putative determinants.
Lean mass and fat mass were associated with greater bone mass at all sites. A discordance of 10 pack-years smoking was related to a 2.3-3.3% (SE, 0.8-1.0) decrease in bone density at all sites except the forearm, with the effects more evident in postmenopausal women. In all women, a 0.8% (SE, 0.3) difference in hip bone mineral density was associated with each hour per week difference in sporting activity, with effects more evident in premenopausal women. Daily dietary calcium intake was related to total body bone mineral content and forearm bone mineral density (1.4 +/- 0.7% increase for every 1000 mg). Lifetime alcohol consumption and walking were not consistently related to bone mass.
Several lifestyle and dietary factors, in particular tobacco use, were related to bone mineral density. Effect sizes varied by site. Characterization of determinants of bone mineral density in midlife and thereafter may lead to interventions that could minimize postmenopausal bone loss and reduce osteoporotic fracture risk.
关于身体成分和生活方式对接近老年的成年女性骨密度的影响，此前的报道并不一致。在一项双胞胎对照研究中，我们测量了骨密度、瘦体重和脂肪量以及生活方式因素。通过分析双胞胎之间的差异，我们发现骨密度与吸烟量（每10包年下降2.3 - 3.3%）呈负相关，与体育活动、瘦体重和脂肪量呈正相关。
关于身体成分和生活方式对接近老年的成年女性骨密度的影响，此前的报道并不一致。
在一项针对146对年龄在30至65岁的女性双胞胎的双胞胎对照研究中，使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量腰椎、全髋和前臂的骨密度、全身骨矿物质含量以及瘦体重和脂肪量。测量身高和体重。通过问卷调查确定绝经状态、膳食钙摄入量、身体活动、当前吸烟情况和饮酒量。将骨测量指标的双胞胎内差异与假定决定因素的双胞胎内差异进行原点回归分析。
瘦体重和脂肪量与所有部位更高的骨量相关。吸烟量相差10包年与除前臂外所有部位骨密度降低2.3 - 3.3%（标准误，0.8 - 1.0）相关，在绝经后女性中影响更明显。在所有女性中，每周体育活动每增加一小时，髋部骨密度相差0.8%（标准误为0.3），在绝经前女性中影响更明显。每日膳食钙摄入量与全身骨矿物质含量和前臂骨密度相关（每1000毫克增加1.4±0.7%）。终生饮酒量和步行与骨量的关系并不一致。
几种生活方式和饮食因素，特别是吸烟，与骨密度相关。影响程度因部位而异。对中年及以后骨密度决定因素的特征描述可能会带来一些干预措施，从而最大程度减少绝经后骨质流失并降低骨质疏松性骨折风险。
