Campbell Daniel J, Kim Chang H, Butcher Eugene C
Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2003 Oct;195:58-71. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00067.x.
Directed cellular migrations underlie immune system organization. Chemokines and their receptors (along with surface-adhesion molecules) are central to these migrations, targeting developing and mature leukocytes to tissues and microenvironments suitable for their differentiation and function. The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play a central role in the migration of hematopoietic stem cells, and several chemokine receptors are transiently expressed during distinct stages of B- and T-cell development. In the periphery, mature naïve B and T cells utilize the receptors CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5 to recirculate through specialized microenvironments within the secondary lymphoid tissues, while effector and memory lymphocytes express bewildering patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors that allow them to function within microenvironments and non-lymphoid tissues inaccessible to naïve cells. Here, we summarize the role of chemokines and their receptors in the spatial organization of the immune system and consider the implications for immune function.
定向细胞迁移是免疫系统组织形成的基础。趋化因子及其受体（以及表面粘附分子）对于这些迁移至关重要，它们将发育中的和成熟的白细胞导向适合其分化和发挥功能的组织及微环境。趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4在造血干细胞迁移中起核心作用，并且几种趋化因子受体在B细胞和T细胞发育的不同阶段短暂表达。在周围组织中，成熟的初始B细胞和T细胞利用受体CCR7、CXCR4和CXCR5在二级淋巴组织内的特定微环境中再循环，而效应淋巴细胞和记忆淋巴细胞则表达出令人眼花缭乱的粘附分子和趋化因子受体模式，使它们能够在初始细胞无法进入的微环境和非淋巴组织中发挥功能。在此，我们总结趋化因子及其受体在免疫系统空间组织中的作用，并探讨其对免疫功能的影响。
