Kleindorfer Paul R, Belke James C, Elliott Michael R, Lee Kiwan, Lowe Robert A, Feldman Harold I
Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Risk Anal. 2003 Oct;23(5):865-81. doi: 10.1111/1539-6924.00365.
This article reports on the data collected on one of the most ambitious government-sponsored environmental data acquisition projects of all time, the Risk Management Plan (RMP) data collected under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This RMP Rule 112(r) was triggered by the Bhopal accident in 1984 and led to the requirement that each qualifying facility develop and file with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency a Risk Management Plan (RMP) as well as accident history data for the five-year period preceding the filing of the RMP. These data were collected in 1999-2001 on more than 15,000 facilities in the United States that store or use listed toxic or flammable chemicals believed to be a hazard to the environment or to human health of facility employees or off-site residents of host communities. The resulting database, RMPInfo, has become a key resource for regulators and researchers concerned with the frequency and severity of accidents, and the underlying facility-specific factors that are statistically associated with accident and injury rates. This article analyzes which facilities actually filed under the Rule and presents results on accident frequencies and severities available from the RMPInfo database. This article also presents summaries of related results from RMPInfo on Offsite Consequence Analysis (OCA), an analytical estimate of the potential consequences of hypothetical worst-case and alternative accidental releases on the public and environment around the facility. The OCA data have become a key input in the evaluation of site security assessment and mitigation policies for both government planners as well as facility managers and their insurers. Following the survey of the RMPInfo data, we discuss the rich set of policy decisions that may be informed by research based on these data.
本文报告了有史以来最雄心勃勃的政府资助环境数据采集项目之一所收集的数据，即根据1990年《清洁空气法修正案》第112(r)条收集的风险管理计划（RMP）数据。1984年的博帕尔事故引发了这一RMP规则112(r)，并导致要求每个符合条件的设施制定一份风险管理计划（RMP）并提交给美国环境保护局，以及提交RMP之前五年期间的事故历史数据。这些数据于1999年至2001年在美国15000多个储存或使用被认为对环境或设施员工或所在社区场外居民的人类健康有危害的所列有毒或易燃化学品的设施中收集。由此产生的数据库RMPInfo，已成为监管机构和研究人员关注事故频率和严重程度以及与事故和伤害率有统计关联的潜在设施特定因素的关键资源。本文分析了哪些设施实际根据该规则提交了数据，并展示了RMPInfo数据库中可用的事故频率和严重程度结果。本文还介绍了RMPInfo关于场外后果分析（OCA）的相关结果摘要，OCA是对假设的最坏情况和替代意外释放对设施周围公众和环境的潜在后果的分析估计。OCA数据已成为政府规划者以及设施管理者及其保险公司评估场地安全评估和缓解政策的关键输入。在对RMPInfo数据进行调查之后，我们讨论了基于这些数据的研究可能为一系列丰富的政策决策提供依据。
