van der Hoek Wim, De Nguyen Van, Konradsen Flemming, Cam Phung Dac, Hoa Nguyen Thi Viet, Toan Nguyen Duy, Cong Le Dinh
International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2003;34 Suppl 1:1-11.
This paper provides a review of surveys on soil-transmitted helminths that were done in Vietnam between 1990 and 2001. Prevalence estimates could be obtained for 29 of the 61 provinces. Extrapolating from this, it is estimated that 33.9 million people in Vietnam are infected with Ascaris (prevalence 44.4%), 17.6 million with Trichuris (prevalence 23.1%), and 21.8 million with hookworm (prevalence 28.6%). Prevalence of Ascaris and Trichuris showed a declining trend from the north to the south of the country. This is probably related to differences in climatic conditions. Hookworm prevalence is more evenly distributed throughout the country, but is concentrated in peri-urban and rural agricultural areas. Vegetable cultivation in which nightsoil is used as fertilizer is a risk factor for hookworm infection, especially among adult women. Helminth control programs should be targeted at school-age children in the northern provinces. Specific interventions are needed throughout the country for women of agricultural communities that are at risk for hookworm infection. There is clearly a need for more detailed analysis of risk factors to quantify the relative contribution of climatic, environmental, and human behavioral factors in the transmission of intestinal nematode infections in Vietnam.
本文回顾了1990年至2001年间在越南开展的关于土壤传播蠕虫的调查。在61个省份中，有29个省份可获得患病率估计值。据此推断，越南估计有3390万人感染蛔虫（患病率44.4%），1760万人感染鞭虫（患病率23.1%），2180万人感染钩虫（患病率28.6%）。蛔虫和鞭虫的患病率从该国北部到南部呈下降趋势。这可能与气候条件差异有关。钩虫患病率在全国分布更为均匀，但集中在城市周边和农村农业地区。使用人粪作为肥料的蔬菜种植是钩虫感染的一个风险因素，尤其是在成年女性中。蠕虫控制项目应针对北部省份的学龄儿童。对于有钩虫感染风险的农业社区妇女，全国都需要采取具体干预措施。显然，需要对风险因素进行更详细的分析，以量化气候、环境和人类行为因素在越南肠道线虫感染传播中的相对作用。
