Reckling C, Zantop T, Petersen W
Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, Universität Flensburg.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2003 Sep;17(3):112-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42149.
Aim of the study was to elucidate epidemiological aspects and injury mechanisms in juvenile team handball.
A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate the injuries of 100 juvenile players (50 male, 50 female, year of birth 1982/83).
A total of 130 injuries were recorded of 73 players. Most of the injuries (73.1%) occurred between the age of 15 and 18. Approximately two thirds of the injuries (69.2%) occurred in a competition and most of them in an offensive situation. Backcourt players (29.0%), line players (27.5%), and goalkeepers (17.0%.) were the player positions to be most injured. Female goalkeepers were three times more often injured than male ones at the same age. Most injuries applied to the foot and the ankle (32.0%), followed by the finger joint (26.9%) and the knee (24.6%). The most frequent ankle injuries were ruptures of the lateral ankle ligaments. The knee joint was affected by the most severe injuries with the need of surgical therapy. The most common injury concerning the knee joint was rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Eleven ACL tears were recorded in the age between 15 and 18 years (12-14 years: 1; 8-12 years: 0). The most typical game situation at the point of injury was catching a ball (38.5%), contact situation with the opponent (34.5%), or landing after a jump (26.2%).
This study allows conclusions concerning prevention of injuries in juvenile team handball. There is apparently a difference in muscle strength and coordination of the youth handball player, especially at the age of 15-18 years, which has to be addressed. Therefore the authors recommend a proprioceptive training program as well as exercises to improve jumping techniques. Special strengthening training for the finger muscles might help to prevent finger injuries. The frequency of contact injuries underlines the importance of a "fair play" campaign among young players.
本研究的目的是阐明青少年手球运动中的流行病学特征和损伤机制。
使用标准化问卷对100名青少年球员（50名男性，50名女性，出生年份为1982/1983年）的损伤情况进行评估。
73名球员共记录到130处损伤。大多数损伤（73.1%）发生在15至18岁之间。约三分之二的损伤（69.2%）发生在比赛中，且大多数发生在进攻情况下。后场球员（29.0%）、边锋（27.5%）和守门员（17.0%）是受伤最多的球员位置。同年龄段的女性守门员受伤几率是男性守门员的三倍。大多数损伤发生在足部和脚踝（32.0%），其次是手指关节（26.9%）和膝盖（24.6%）。最常见的脚踝损伤是外侧脚踝韧带断裂。膝关节受重伤最多，需要手术治疗。膝关节最常见的损伤是前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂。15至18岁年龄段记录到11例ACL撕裂（12 - 14岁：1例；8 - 12岁：0例）。受伤时最典型的比赛场景是接球（38.5%）、与对手的接触情况（34.5%）或跳跃后落地（26.2%）。
本研究有助于得出关于青少年手球运动损伤预防的结论。青少年手球运动员在肌肉力量和协调性方面显然存在差异，尤其是在15 - 18岁年龄段，这一问题必须得到解决。因此，作者推荐进行本体感觉训练计划以及改进跳跃技术的练习。针对手指肌肉的特殊强化训练可能有助于预防手指损伤。接触性损伤的频率凸显了在年轻球员中开展“公平竞赛”活动的重要性。
