Berger Sebastian, Kutsch Wolfram
Fachbereich Biologie, Universität, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
J Exp Zool A Comp Exp Biol. 2003 Oct 1;299(2):127-38. doi: 10.1002/jez.a.10296.
High-speed video-monitoring (500 f/s) was employed to analyse the flight path of free-flying locusts. A 3-D reconstruction enabled the simultaneous documentation of the motion of the body and all four wings. Particular attention was paid to turning manoeuvres. It is shown that angular changes during yawing and rolling are closely related; both are coupled, enabling natural banking of a free-flying animal. Rolling depends on bilateral inequalities in stroking of both wing pairs, whereby the differences are more conspicuous for the forewings. A relatively shorter downstroke occurs for the "inner" side of a turn. The determination of the phase ratio allows a reliable description of the instantaneous rolling manoeuvre. There is no change in cycle duration correlated with turning. The downstroke shortening results from a slight delay of downstroke initiation and an advance of the upstroke reversal. In parallel, the stroke amplitude is reduced on the "inner" side. The effects of bilateral asymmetries are immediate; they influence the instantaneous wing-beat cycle, but not the subsequent cycle. These correlations are consistent, though variable, in their magnitude, as is to be expected for a complex system in which several parameters have to be combined for the behaviourally relevant output.
采用高速视频监测（500帧/秒）来分析自由飞行蝗虫的飞行路径。三维重建能够同时记录身体和所有四个翅膀的运动。特别关注了转弯动作。结果表明，偏航和滚转过程中的角度变化密切相关；两者相互耦合，使自由飞行的动物能够自然倾斜。滚转取决于两对翅膀划动的双边不平等，其中前翅的差异更为明显。转弯“内侧”的下拍相对较短。相位比的确定能够可靠地描述瞬时滚转动作。周期持续时间与转弯无关。下拍缩短是由于下拍起始略有延迟和上拍反转提前。同时，“内侧”的冲程幅度减小。双边不对称的影响是即时的；它们影响瞬时翅膀拍动周期，但不影响后续周期。这些相关性在幅度上是一致的，尽管有所变化，这对于一个需要将多个参数组合起来以产生行为相关输出的复杂系统来说是可以预期的。
