[The psychopharmacology of narcotics: a preclinical study].

Simple and economic tests for estimating addictive potential of drugs using conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigms have been developed. Various groups of substances were revealed among 12 opioids which differed by their potencies in analgesics and reinforcing tests. Index of "narcological safety" and "addictive index" were proposed for comparative evaluation of therapeutic and adverse (addictive) effects. Using the self-administration procedure a group of addictive psychostimulants were investigated and quantitative criteria for the reinforcing action of them were derived. The analgesic and reinforcing effects of morphine have been dissociated by administration of the calcium-channel blocker isradipine.