DOLE V P, THAYSEN J H
J Exp Med. 1953 Aug;98(2):129-44. doi: 10.1084/jem.98.2.129.
A method has been worked out for the measurement of the volume of sweat produced by individual glands. A special paper, impregnated with iodine, absorbs water in a uniform way and shows the area of wetting by a sharply defined blue dot. Indirect calibrations showed that 1 cm.(3) of water would form a spot of 700 cm.(2) area, and that this relation of volume to area was a constant one over a wide range. The actual volumes encountered in prints of the sweat glands were from 5 x 10(-9) to 4 x 10(-6) cm.(3). The relative activity of glands at any instant of time can be expressed by the statistical distribution of log diameter of the dots on the print. This distribution, which might at first sight seem rather artificial, has the advantage of being unaffected by a proportionate change in the output of water from each gland. Thus it is independent of the duration of contact between print paper and skin, and of changes in the average flow from the field as a whole. It is sensitive only to changes in the activity of glands relative to each other. The methods of printing and statistical analysis were used to study the relative activity of glands in a field of 22 mm. diameter. Glands of the forearm and back were studied both under direct stimulation with mecholyl and under the reflex stimulation of environmental heat, similar results being obtained with the two kinds of stimuli. Glands of the abdomen and leg, stimulated with mecholyl, were studied in one experiment. Detailed comparison of the dots in consecutive prints showed that the large dots remained large and the small dots continued to be small. These persistent differences in the outflow of water from adjacent glands were interpreted as being due to differences in the functional power of the glands. Repeated prints of the glands during a period of 75 minutes, in which the sweat flow was declining, showed that the relative activity of the glands remained constant. This meant that the set of glands, although differing greatly in power, varied together as a functional unit. Different regions of the body show not only the variation of glandular power within each small area, but also marked differences in the average power of glands belonging to the different regions. Glands of the back, for instance, show a much greater outflow than glands of the forearm when stimulated equally with a local injection of mecholyl. Equal rates of outflow, therefore, do not mean equal states of functional activity, unless the regions being compared are of equal functional power.
已经研究出一种测量单个汗腺产生汗液量的方法。一种特殊的、浸有碘的纸能以均匀的方式吸收水分，并通过一个清晰界定的蓝点显示湿润区域。间接校准表明，1立方厘米的水会形成面积为700平方厘米的斑点，而且在很宽的范围内，这种体积与面积的关系是恒定的。在汗腺印记中实际遇到的体积为5×10⁻⁹至4×10⁻⁶立方厘米。在任何时刻，腺体的相对活性可以通过印记上蓝点对数直径的统计分布来表示。这种分布乍一看可能相当人为，但它的优点是不受每个腺体水输出量成比例变化的影响。因此，它与印纸和皮肤接触的持续时间以及整个区域平均流量的变化无关。它只对腺体之间相对活性的变化敏感。采用印记和统计分析方法研究了直径为22毫米区域内腺体的相对活性。在前臂和背部的腺体上，分别在乙酰甲胆碱的直接刺激以及环境热的反射刺激下进行了研究，两种刺激得到了相似的结果。在一个实验中，研究了用乙酰甲胆碱刺激的腹部和腿部的腺体。对连续印记中的蓝点进行详细比较表明，大蓝点仍然大，小蓝点仍然小。相邻腺体水流出量的这些持续差异被解释为是由于腺体功能能力的差异。在汗液分泌量下降的75分钟内对腺体进行多次印记，结果表明腺体的相对活性保持不变。这意味着这组腺体尽管在能力上差异很大，但作为一个功能单位一起变化。身体的不同区域不仅显示出每个小区域内腺体能力的变化，而且不同区域腺体的平均能力也有显著差异。例如，当用局部注射乙酰甲胆碱进行同等刺激时，背部的腺体比前臂的腺体分泌出更多的汗液。因此，除非所比较的区域具有相同的功能能力，否则相同的流出速率并不意味着功能活性状态相同。
