Ivanovic D, Vásquez M, Aguayo M, Ballester D, Marambio M, Zacarías I
University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santiago.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1992 Mar;42(1):9-14.
The objective of this study was to correlate the educational achievement (EA) of Chilean elementary and high-school graduates with their food habits. For this purpose, a random sample of 550 schoolers from the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile, graduating from elementary and high school (1:1) of both sexes (1:1), from public and private schools and from high, medium and low socioeconomic status (SES) (1:1:1), was selected. Food habits were determined through a specially designed questionnaire and defined as the frequency of consumption of the food groups, expressed as days per week. The EA was established through the Achievement Evaluation Program (AEP) and Academic Aptitude Test (AAT) in elementary-and high-school graduates-, respectively. Results revealed that EA was found significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of consumption of dairy products, meat products and eggs, in both elementary and high school graduates. A significant and inverse correlation between EA and the frequency of vegetables and fruits consumption was observed in both educational levels, and with miscellaneous products, only in elementary school graduates. Food habits explained 24.4% and 16.6% of the EA variance, in elementary and high school graduates, respectively. The frequency of consumption of dairy products was the independent variable with the greatest explanatory power in EA variance (approximately above 70% of the explained variance). These results are important to consider for educational planning focused on the School Feeding Program.
本研究的目的是将智利小学和高中毕业生的学业成绩（EA）与其饮食习惯相关联。为此，从智利圣地亚哥都会区随机抽取了550名学生作为样本，他们来自公立和私立学校，涵盖高、中、低社会经济地位（SES）（各占1:1:1），男女比例为1:1，且小学和高中毕业生各占一半。饮食习惯通过一份专门设计的问卷来确定，并定义为各类食物组的消费频率，以每周的天数表示。小学和高中毕业生的学业成绩分别通过学业成绩评估计划（AEP）和学业能力测试（AAT）来确定。结果显示，小学和高中毕业生的学业成绩均与乳制品、肉类产品和蛋类的消费频率呈显著正相关。在两个教育水平上，均观察到学业成绩与蔬菜和水果消费频率之间存在显著负相关，而在小学毕业生中，学业成绩与其他各类产品的消费频率也存在显著负相关。饮食习惯分别解释了小学和高中毕业生学业成绩方差的24.4%和16.6%。乳制品的消费频率是学业成绩方差中具有最大解释力的自变量（约占解释方差的70%以上）。这些结果对于以学校供餐计划为重点的教育规划具有重要参考价值。
