Vega-Salas María Jesús, Caro Paola, Johnson Laura, Papadaki Angeliki
Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, BristolBS8 1TZ, UK.
School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2022 Jul;25(7):1819-1834. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021002937. Epub 2021 Jul 12.
Understanding the socio-economic inequalities in dietary intake is crucial when addressing the socio-economic gradient in obesity rates and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to systematically assess the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and dietary intake in Chile.
We searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature from inception until 31 December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS databases. Observational studies published in English and Spanish, reporting the comparison of at least one dietary factor between at least two groups of different SEP in the general Chilean population, were selected. Two researchers independently conducted data searches, screening and extraction and assessed study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.
Twenty-one articles (from eighteen studies) were included. Study quality was considered low, medium and high for 24, 52 and 24 % of articles, respectively. Moderate-to-large associations indicated lower intake of fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fish/seafood and higher pulses consumption among adults of lower SEP. Variable evidence of association was found for energy intake and macronutrients, in both children and adults.
Our findings highlight some socio-economic inequalities in diets in Chile, evidencing an overall less healthy food consumption among the lower SEP groups. New policies to reduce these inequalities should tackle the unequal distribution of factors affecting healthy eating among the lower SEP groups. These findings also provide important insights for developing strategies to reduce dietary inequalities in Chile and other countries that have undergone similar nutritional transitions.
在应对肥胖率和非传染性疾病的社会经济梯度问题时，了解饮食摄入方面的社会经济不平等至关重要。我们旨在系统评估智利社会经济地位（SEP）与饮食摄入之间的关联。
我们在PubMed、Scopus、PsycINFO、Web of Sciences和LILACS数据库中检索了从创刊至2019年12月31日的同行评审文献和灰色文献。选取了以英文和西班牙文发表的观察性研究，这些研究报告了智利普通人群中至少两组不同SEP之间至少一种饮食因素的比较情况。两名研究人员独立进行数据检索、筛选和提取，并使用改编后的纽卡斯尔渥太华质量评估量表评估研究质量。
纳入了21篇文章（来自18项研究）。分别有24%、52%和24%的文章研究质量被认为低、中、高。中到强的关联表明，SEP较低的成年人水果、蔬菜、乳制品和鱼类/海鲜的摄入量较低，而豆类摄入量较高。在儿童和成年人中，能量摄入和宏量营养素的关联证据不一。
我们的研究结果凸显了智利饮食方面的一些社会经济不平等现象，表明SEP较低的群体总体上食物消费不太健康。减少这些不平等现象的新政策应解决影响SEP较低群体健康饮食的因素分配不均问题。这些研究结果也为制定减少智利及其他经历了类似营养转变的国家饮食不平等的策略提供了重要见解。
