Zacarías I, Aguayo M, Vásquez M, Ballester D, Ivanović D
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1986 Jun;36(2):268-81.
The purpose of this study was to determine the food habits of Chilean high-school graduates, and measure the effect that socioeconomic level (SEL), type of school (public and private school), sex and age exerts on those habits. A random and stratified sample of 283 schoolers, according to type of school, sex and SEL, measured through the Graffar Modified Scale was selected for the study. Food habits were defined by the frequency of consumption of food, expressed as days per week and were compared with the Model Allowance established by the Ministry of Health of Chile. A food habits questionnaire was administered to students by duly trained interviewers, and were defined by the frequency of consumption of food groups. Data were analyzed by the chi-square procedure, analysis of variance and Student's "t" test. In accordance with the results, the most consumed foods (over 90% of students) were meat, poultry, eggs, potatoes, apples, bread, rice, oil and butter or margarine. On the other hand, the most disliked foods (40% and more of students) were fresh cheese, viscera, radish and chickpeas. The high SEL students showed a significantly greater frequency of consumption of dairy products, and of meat products and eggs (p less than 0.001). No differences were found according to type of school, sex and age of students. We conclude, therefore, that SEL exerts a significant effect on food habits, in spite of which they were adequate according to the Model Allowance.
本研究的目的是确定智利高中毕业生的饮食习惯，并衡量社会经济水平（SEL）、学校类型（公立和私立学校）、性别和年龄对这些习惯的影响。根据学校类型、性别和SEL，通过格拉法尔修正量表进行测量，选取了283名学生作为随机分层样本进行研究。饮食习惯通过食物消费频率来定义，以每周的天数表示，并与智利卫生部制定的标准摄入量进行比较。由经过适当培训的访谈员向学生发放饮食习惯问卷，并根据食物组的消费频率进行定义。数据通过卡方检验、方差分析和学生“t”检验进行分析。根据结果，最常食用的食物（超过90%的学生）是肉类、家禽、鸡蛋、土豆、苹果、面包、大米、油和黄油或人造黄油。另一方面，最不喜欢的食物（40%及以上的学生）是新鲜奶酪、内脏、萝卜和鹰嘴豆。高SEL学生食用乳制品、肉类产品和鸡蛋的频率明显更高（p小于0.001）。未发现学生的学校类型、性别和年龄之间存在差异。因此，我们得出结论，尽管根据标准摄入量饮食习惯是合适的，但SEL对饮食习惯仍有显著影响。
