Nahas G, Latour C
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University.
Med J Aust. 1992 Apr 6;156(7):495-7.
The pathophysiological effects of marijuana smoke and its constituent cannabinoids were reported first from in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies. Marijuana smoke is mutagenic in the Ames test and in tissue culture and cannabinoids inhibit biosynthesis of macromolecules. In animals, marijuana or delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the intoxicating material it contains, produces symptoms of neurobehavioural toxicity, disrupts all phases of gonadal or reproductive function, and is fetotoxic. Smoking marijuana can lead to symptoms of airway obstruction as well as squamous metaplasia. Clinical manifestations of pathophysiology due to marijuana smoking are now being reported. These include: long-term impairment of memory in adolescents; prolonged impairment of psychomotor performance; a sixfold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia; cancer of mouth, jaw, tongue and lung in 19-30 year olds; fetotoxicity; and non-lymphoblastic leukemia in children of marijuana-smoking mothers.
大麻烟雾及其成分大麻素的病理生理效应最早是通过体外和体内实验研究报道的。大麻烟雾在艾姆斯试验和组织培养中具有致突变性，大麻素会抑制大分子的生物合成。在动物身上，大麻或其所含的致醉物质Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）会产生神经行为毒性症状，扰乱性腺或生殖功能的各个阶段，并且具有胚胎毒性。吸食大麻会导致气道阻塞症状以及鳞状化生。现在已有关于吸食大麻所致病理生理的临床表现的报道。这些包括：青少年长期记忆受损；精神运动表现长期受损；精神分裂症发病率增加六倍；19至30岁人群口腔、颌部、舌头和肺部癌症；胚胎毒性；以及吸食大麻的母亲所生子女患非淋巴细胞白血病。
