Näher H, Petzoldt D
Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg.
Hautarzt. 1992 Mar;43(3):114-9.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has long been thought to be primarily a B-lymphotropic virus. This tropism becomes obvious in the association of the virus with diseases that become manifest in lymphoproliferative conditions, such as acute infectious mononucleosis or endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. In the course of mononucleosis, however, viraemia cannot be detected and B-lymphocytes infected with EBV in vitro produce only small amounts of the virus. In contrast, recent studies document that EBV replicates in the epithelial cells in the mouth, and pronounced secretion of virus can also be detected. Cells of the basal layer of the epithelium can be infected via the EBV-specific CR2 receptor. Upon mitosis of the cells of the basal layer, EBV genome in episomal form is partitioned to the daughter cell. On the other hand, differentiation and maturation of the epithelial cells is paralleled by active virus production. Thus, there is evidence that the epithelial EBV infection is the main factor in the persistence and production of EBV. Accordingly, the EBV infection of epithelial cells which can result in diseases, seems to be the primary process, leading to the infection of B-lymphocytes and then to other diseases. Diseases associated with infection of epithelial cells by EBV and diseases involving B-lymphocytes are discussed with reference to this idea.
长期以来，人们一直认为爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）主要是一种嗜B淋巴细胞病毒。这种嗜性在该病毒与在淋巴增殖性疾病中表现出来的疾病的关联中变得明显，如急性传染性单核细胞增多症或地方性伯基特淋巴瘤。然而，在单核细胞增多症的病程中，无法检测到病毒血症，并且在体外感染EBV的B淋巴细胞仅产生少量病毒。相比之下，最近的研究表明EBV在口腔上皮细胞中复制，并且还能检测到明显的病毒分泌。上皮基底层的细胞可通过EBV特异性CR2受体被感染。在基底层细胞进行有丝分裂时，游离形式的EBV基因组被分配到子细胞中。另一方面，上皮细胞的分化和成熟与活跃的病毒产生同时发生。因此，有证据表明上皮细胞的EBV感染是EBV持续存在和产生的主要因素。相应地，可导致疾病的上皮细胞EBV感染似乎是主要过程，导致B淋巴细胞感染，进而引发其他疾病。本文参照这一观点讨论了与EBV感染上皮细胞相关的疾病以及涉及B淋巴细胞的疾病。
